reliability and validity

Question 1

what is reliability

Answer 1

the quality of being trustworthy

Question 2

what is inter-rater reliability in terms of diagnosis

Answer 2

more than one clinician found the same diagnosis

Question 3

what is test re-test reliability

Answer 3

same tool or test used for the same individual

Question 4

what is validity

Answer 4

precise and represents some truth outside of the study

Question 5

what is construct validity

Answer 5

whether a test or scale represents and accurately measures what it’s supposed to

Question 6

what is concurrent validity

Answer 6

reaching the same diagnosis with 2 different classifiction systems

Question 7

what is predictive validity in terms of diagnosis

Answer 7

ability to test a future diagnosis

Question 8

what is cohens kappa

Answer 8

refers to the proportion of people who receive the same diagnosis when reassessed at a later time (test re-test reliability) or with a different practitioner (inter-rater reliability)

Question 9

what did Regier et al (2013) find
(reliabilty)

Answer 9

reported that 3 disorders including PTSD had a rating of 0.6-0.79 (very good)
while 7 more disorders including schizophrenia had a rating of 0.4-0.59 (good)

Question 10

what did Cooper (2014) find

Answer 10

what counts as an acceptable level has dropped over the last 35 years
the DSM-V classified levels of 0.2-0.4 as ‘acceptable’
major depressive disorder has a kappa value of 0.28
not reliable

Question 11

how does Rosenhan show that the classification systems are not valid

Answer 11

all but one of 8 pseudo-patients got discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia ‘in remission’ even though they were not ‘insane’ and the symptoms they showed resembled existential psychosis

Question 12

what did lee (2006) find in terms of concurrent validity

Answer 12

compared the DSM-IV-TR and a questionnaire to diagnose ADHD amd found the same diagnosis

Question 13

what is a reductionist point surrounding symptoms
(validity)

Answer 13

they sort disorders into symptoms and features which is reductionist and doesn’t look into a persons life a case formulation may be more beneficial

Question 14

what did Jansson (2002) find
(validity)

Answer 14

questions the vailidty of the ICD-10 and the ICD-9 as it is not clear on what the boundaries are concerning specifically different symptoms and features of schizophrenia

Question 15

what do the classification symptoms lack (validity)

Answer 15

they don’t state anything surrounding the cause of the disorder which limits effectiveness of treatment

Question 16

what did Andrews (1999) find
(reliability)

Answer 16

only a 68% agreement between the DSM and the ICD

Question 17

what did Cheniaux find (2009)
(reliability)

Answer 17

2 psychiatrists used DSM-IV and the ICD-10 to test diagnosis and found only 0.5 agreement for schizophrenia
the duration in the DSM is 6 months but in the ICD it’s 1 month

Question 18

what did Ponizovsky (2006) find
(reliability)

Answer 18

PPV score increased for 26% for schizophrenia from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10