DSM and ICD

Question 1

what is a classification system

Answer 1

• a checklist of signs and symptoms which help a clinician reach a diagnosis of a specific disorder
• often done by the process of elimination

Question 2

what is the DSM

Answer 2

• the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders and is published by the American Psychiatric society, provides criteria for diagnosis
• was first published in 1952 and has been 6 versions - current DSM V was published in May 2013

Question 3

how was the DSM formed

Answer 3

• developed for the need for a census of mental health disorders
• the US army had developed a system to diagnose mainly using descriptions e.g. neurosis and psychosis, from this a list of symptoms developed and then so did the DSM

Question 4

what is neurosis

Answer 4

• mental health disorders that fall just outside of normal functioning but the individual is still in touch with reality and knows they are ill

Question 5

what is psychosis

Answer 5

• mental health issues where the individual has lost touch with reality

Question 6

what are criticisms of the DSM V

Answer 6

• doesn’t reflect where science will go in the future
• trying to make normal behaviour seem abnormal (as seen in Rosenhan)

Question 7

what are the changes made from then DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-V

Answer 7

• abolished the axis as these made it hard to draw and link symptoms
• removed unnecessary diagnoses for example autism spectrum disorder is just one category
• reflect social change for example war in Iraq and Afghanistan has shown more symptoms of PTSD. such as flashbacks

Question 8

how is the DSM-V used

Answer 8

3 sections:
- section l = introduces changes from DSM-IV-TR and explains how it is diagnosed
- section ll = diagnostic criteria and codes - used by clinicians using observation, and interviews (structured and unstructured)
- section lll = measures and models concerning the future of diagnosis
this disorders are organised chronologically, those that usually happen earlier in life are first and later are last

Question 9

what is the ICD

Answer 9

the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
includes a look at the general health of the population and is used to monitor incidence and prevalence
the ICD provides morality numbers for WHO

Question 10

describe the ICD-10

Answer 10

• published in May 1990 and includes both physical and mental disorders
• it is multilingual and a freely available resource

Question 11

what did reed et al (2011) find

Answer 11

• asked 4,887 psychiatrist around the world whether they used the ICD
• found that 70% said they used the ICD-10 most for mental disorders
• 23% said they use the DSM

Question 12

how is the ICD organised

Answer 12

• groups each disorder into a family e.g. schizotypal and delusion disorder if F.20-F.29
• sections l-Vl