Chapter 5 Part 2

Question 1

Four main symptoms of arboviral diseases

Answer 1

1. Acute CNS
2. Acute benign fevers
3. Hemorrhagic fevers
4. Polyarthiritis/rash

Question 2

Agent of arboviral encephalitides

Answer 2

Encephalitis virus

Question 3

Vector of arboviral encephalitis

Answer 3

Mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods

Question 4

What is the reservoir of arboviral encephalitis?

Answer 4

Wild birds and small animals

Question 5

Symptoms of arboviral encephalitis

Answer 5

Most people are asymptomatic, however 5-10% get inflammation of brain, spinal cord, and meninges

Question 6

Agent of West Nile virus

Answer 6

Flavivirus

Question 7

Reservoir of West Nile virus

Answer 7

Birds

Question 8

Vector of West Nile virus

Answer 8

Mosquitoes (Culex)

Question 9

Symptomatic percentages of West Nile

Answer 9

Most get no symptoms, 1 in 5 develop fever and other systems, 1 in 150 develop a serious, sometimes, fatal illness

Question 10

Which viruses have a vaccine?

Answer 10

Equine for arboviral, dengue, ebola, rift valley fever, rabies, anthrax

Question 11

Define emerging zoonoses.

Answer 11

Zoonotic diseases caused by new or known agents occurring in locales or species that previously did not appear to be affected by those known agents

Question 12

Factors associated with the rise of emerging zoonoses

Answer 12

• Ecological changes that result from agricultural practices (deforestation, conversion of grasslands, irrigation)
• Other factors such as change in human population and behavior

Question 13

Causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Answer 13

Bunyaviridae virus

Question 14

Vector of Hantavrius

Answer 14

Rodents, transmitted when airborne urine and droppings from infected rodents are inhaled

Question 15

Main host of hantavirus

Answer 15

Deer mouse

Question 16

Agent of dengue fever

Answer 16

Flaviviruses

Question 17

Vector for dengue fever

Answer 17

Aedes aegypti mosquito

Question 18

Where does dengue fever primarily occur?

Answer 18

Tropical areas

Question 19

Reservoir for dengue fever

Answer 19

Monkeys

Question 20

Three stages of dengue fever

Answer 20

Febrile phase (fever, headache), critical phase (hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding), recovery phase (altered consciousness, seizure, coma, death)

Question 21

Which of these is caused by bacteria?

Answer 21

Tularemia, anthrax, psittacosis

Question 22

Zika vector

Answer 22

Mosquito (aedes species)

Question 23

Reservoirs for zika

Answer 23

Monkeys, bats, domestic animals, rodents

Question 24

Zika symptoms

Answer 24

Usually none, and if exist, mild such as fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, muscle pain

Question 25

How can one get ebola? (3 ways)

Answer 25

Contact with blood, fluids from trained animal meat, or infected person

Question 26

Reservoir for ebola

Answer 26

Monkeys, bats, non-human primates being most likely source

Question 27

How many types of ebola?

Answer 27

6, of which only 4 are known to cause disease in people

Question 28

Country where ebola was discovered

Answer 28

DRC

Question 29

Ebola symptoms

Answer 29

Course typically progresses from “dry” (fever, aches, pains, fatigue) to “wet” (diarrhea, vomiting)

Question 30

Anthrax agent

Answer 30

Bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis

Question 31

How is anthrax transmitted?

Answer 31

Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products

Question 32

4 types of anthrax

Answer 32

1. Cutaneous (group of small blisters or bumps that turn into ulcers, 5-20% fatality rate)
2. Inhalation (fever and chills, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tiredness)
3. Gastrointestinal (bloody vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever and chills, everything)
4. Injection (group of small blisters that can create abscesses)

Question 33

Treatment for anthrax

Answer 33

Antibiotics, antitoxins, continuous fluid drainage, mechanical ventilation

Question 34

Example of anthrax bioterrorism

Answer 34

Dr. Bruce Ivins, in 2011, sent powdered anthrax spores in letters mailed through US postal system, causing 5 deaths and 22 infections

Question 35

Agent of psittacosis

Answer 35

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 36

Symptoms of psittacosis

Answer 36

Mild respiratory distress, pneumonia

Question 37

Where is Rift Valley Fever most commonly seen?

Answer 37

Domesticated animals in sub-saharan Africa

Question 38

How is Rift Valley fever spread?

Answer 38

Contact with blood, body fluids, tissues of infected animals, bites from infected mosuqitoes

Question 39

Symptoms of Rift Valley Fever

Answer 39

Mostly no symptoms or mild illness, small percentage (8-10%) develop much more severe symptoms such as eye disease, hemorrhage, and encephalitis

Question 40

How does monkey pox transmit?

Answer 40

Through broken skin, respiratory tract, or mucous membranes