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Environmental Science Honors > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Rule of Three (a human can live)

A

3 minutes without oxygen
3 days without water
3 weeks without food

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2
Q

Longest lived without water

A

Andreas Mihavecz, Austrian brick layer, put in custody, locked in basement cell for 18 days, survived by licking condensed water from the walls

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3
Q

Average person uses how many gallons of water per day?

A

100 gallons

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4
Q

Most household water is used for outdoor/indoor purposes?

A

Outdoor

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5
Q

As far as residential uses of water, what takes up the most water use?

A

Agriculture (meat production)

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6
Q

Finished Water

A

Water that leaves the utility plant treated and read for use (drinking, showering)

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7
Q

Difference between source water and surface water

A

Source water encompasses all bodies of water that can be used to supply fresh water for human use (rivers, streams lakes, aquifers)

Surface water is a specific type that exists on the Earth’s surface such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is one of the two main types of water sources, the other being groundwater found in aquifers. Surface water typically requires more filtration than ground water

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8
Q

Aquifer

A

Layer or section of earth or rock that constrains freshwater, water is held in interconnected pores

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9
Q

What is our aquifer?

A

Biscayne Aquifer, made out of limestone (an extremely. porous mineral)

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10
Q

Problems for Groundwater

A

Can have substantial contamination from insects, macro-organisms, algae, pathogens, chemicals

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11
Q

Nearly 50% of the world’s lakes in Canada

A

Freshwater lakes

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12
Q

Lowest waterbody on Earth

A

The Dead Sea

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13
Q

Explain fresh to salty process

A

Process of desalination (aimed to get freshwater from areas with abundant seawater)

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14
Q

Glaciers and icecaps cover about _ % of the world’s landmass, contain _ % of the freshwater

A

10,70

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15
Q

World’s largest wetland

A

West Siberian Lowland

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16
Q

Lacustrine

A

Lake

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17
Q

Palustrine

A

Marsh

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18
Q

Approximately what percent of water is freshwater?

A

3%

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19
Q

Four Stages of Water Treatment

A
  1. Coagulation - removes suspended materials
  2. Sedimentation - causes heavy particles to settle to bottom of tanks for collection
  3. Filtration - removes smaller particles
  4. Disinfection - kills bacteria or microorganisms
20
Q

What methods are used to remove pathogens from drinking water?

A

Filtration, disinfection, boiling, uv light, wetlands, reverse osmosis

21
Q

Enteric protozoal parasites

A

Single-celled Protozoa organisms that cause diseases range from asymptomatic infection to severe life-threatening diarrhea

22
Q

Bacterial enteropathogens

A

Bacteria that cause infections of the GI tract leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramping, and a general feeling of tiredness

23
Q

What type of disease is campylobacter?

A

Bacteria

24
Q

What type of disease is cryptosporidium?

A

Parasite

25
Q

What type of disease is e.coli?

A

Bacteria

26
Q

What type of disease is Hepatitis A?

A

Virus

27
Q

What type of disease is shigella?

A

Bacteria

28
Q

What type of disease is cholera?

A

Bacteria

29
Q

What type of disease is guinea worm?

A

Parasite

30
Q

What type of disease is legionnaires?

A

Bacteria

31
Q

How do you get campylobacter?

A

Eating raw or undercooked food, contact with animals, drinking untreated water

32
Q

Most common bacterial cause of diarrheal illness in the United States + frequency

A

Campylobacter, 20 cases diagnosed each year for every 100,000 people

33
Q

How does one acquire the disease of cryptosporidium?

A

Millions of Crypto parasites can be released in a bowel movement from an infected human or animal; you can become infected after accidentally swallowing the parasite

34
Q

What is good anti-diarrheal medicine?

A

Nitazoxanide

35
Q

What is a common food source that leads to e.coli?

A

Lettuce

36
Q

What disease does Hepatitis A cause?

A

Liver infection

37
Q

What is a defining symptom of Hepatitis A?

A

Jaundice

38
Q

Each year, an estimated ____ people get cholera

A

1.3 to 4 million

39
Q

Where do people get guinea worm from?

A

Transmitted by drinking unfiltered water from ponds and other stagnant surface water sources

40
Q

What treatments exist for guinea worm diseases?

A

No drug or vaccine

41
Q

How does Legionnaires spread?

A

It grows and multiplies in a building water system, so water containing can spread in droplets small enough for people to breathe in

42
Q

Where was Legionella discovered?

A

In 1976 among people who went to a Philadelphia convention of the American legion, 10k cases reported in 2018

43
Q

PPCPs

A

Pharmaceutical and personal care products are a source of water contamination

44
Q

DBPs

A

Water disinfection byproducts which are associated with THMs (which are among the most common and widely measured DBPs)

45
Q

Consequences of DBPs

A

Adverse pregnancy outcomes

46
Q

Chlorine is associated with _____

A

THMs

Environmental Science Honors (8 decks)

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