Bone 2 Flashcards
What are the two types of bone?
Spongy and compact
What is the structure of spongy bone?
Spongy bone is found on the interior of bone and are made up of trabeculae, which is thin columns and plates of bone, that creates a spongy texture. It normally is found at the end of long bones such as the femur.
What is the structure of compact bone?
Compact bone are very heavy and tough and made up of osteons, which are cylindrical structures that provide structure and support of the bone and help in the repair and remodelling bone tissue. It makes up the main shafts of long bones and is found on the outer layer of most bones.
What is in-between the bones and what is it?
Cartilage which is a soft material which just like bones is living and possesses cells.
What is the function of cartilage?
Cartilage acts a shock absorber for the bones and also prevents the bones from rubbing against each other when the body moves..just like how there is cartilage discs found in the spine which make it flexible and if one of these discs were to slip it would cause the vertebrae to rub on one another,
What makes up the long bone?
The diaphysis, the epiphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum and the marrow cavity.
What is the diaphysis?
The diaphysis is the shaft/ling, main portion of the bone.
What is the epiphysis?
The epiphysis is the extended extremities/ends of bone made up of spongy tissue.
What is the articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is a thin layer of cartilage that covers the epiphysis where the bone can then form a joint with another bone.
What is the periosteum?
The periosteum is a tough fibrous sheath (covering) which surrounds the bone. It contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels that pass into the bone and acts as a point of attachment for ligaments and tendons.
What is the marrow cavity?
The marrow cavity is a central cavity in the bone that contains yellow marrow (adipose tissues), which consists mostly of fat cells, and red bone marrow, which is where the blood cells are made.
What do bones grow through?
Bones grow through cartilage
How do bones grow?
Cartilage found in the epiphyseal plate (the outer layer) continue to divide making new cartilage as the new cells are created cartilage cells nearest to the shaft are ossifies which means new bone is created making the shaft longer.
What direction do bones grow in?
Bones grow in both length and width as bone-producing cells in the periosteum add new bone tissue to the surface of the bone.
What is the process of bone remodelling?
Specialised cells called osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to remodel bone. Osteoclasts break down old and damaged bone tissue so they can be replaced by new, healthier tissue that is created by osteoblasts.
