muscles

Question 1

What are muscles?

Answer 1

Muscles are groups of specialised tissue that can respond to nervous stimulation by contracting, meaning the muscle shortens and thickens.

Question 2

What type of material is muscle tissue?

Answer 2

Muscle tissue is elastic so it can be stretched if a weight is applied to it, but will return back to its regular position once the weight has been removed.

Question 3

What is the ability to move form place to place called?

Answer 3

Locomotion

Question 4

What is locomotion due to in most animals?

Answer 4

The muscles, however muscles alone aren’t sufficient for movement so they are connected to the skeleton by a tendon on the end of each muscle.

Question 5

What is the structure of tendons like?

Answer 5

Tendons are very tough and don’t stretch when pulled.

Question 6

What type of movement can muscles complete?

Answer 6

Muscles can only contract and relax, they can’t lengthen, as this could cause many issues in the body they are arranged in pairs to avoid any issues that could have arisen from this.

Question 7

What are paired muscles called?

Answer 7

Antagonistic pairing and it means the muscles can work together. Such as one muscle could stretch a limb whilst the other bends a limb.

Question 8

What is a muscle that bends and a muscle that straightens called?

Answer 8

Muscles that bend are called a flexor and muscles that straighten are called extensors.

Question 9

What are the three main functions muscles form through contraction?

Answer 9

The antigravity function, motion movements and heat production.

Question 10

What is the antigravity function?

Answer 10

Antigravity function is the way muscles are consistently in a state of partial contraction to allow the body to stay upright when walking etc.

Question 11

What is motion movement?

Answer 11

Motion movement is the movements such as walking, running and writing which involve an integrated function of both the skeleton and muscles

Question 12

What is heat production?

Answer 12

This is that when the muscles move heat is produced which is necessary for maintaining the bodies overall temperature.

Question 13

What are the three main types of muscle?

Answer 13

Cardiac, skeletal and viceral.

Question 14

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

This is the tissues attached to the bone and they possess a striped or striated appearance.
These muscles are under voluntary control.

Question 15

What does striated mean?

Answer 15

Striated means muscle marked with light and dark transverse bands .

Question 16

What is visceral muscle?

Answer 16

Viceral muscle is the tissue associated with the internal organs such as the intestines and the blood vessels, it is smooth and un-striated in appearance and not under conscious control.

Question 17

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 17

Cardiac muscle is the muscle that forms the wall of the heart . Its is striated and is an involuntary movement. The muscle fibres contract rhythmically and never tire. The movement docent have to be started with the nervous system however instead is generated within the muscle.

Question 18

What is all of the skeleton covered in?

Answer 18

All of the skeleton is covered in muscles which in turn are covered with skin.

Question 19

What are the elongated cells in skeletal muscles called?

Answer 19

Muscle fibres which are arranged in bundles called fasciculi.

Question 20

What are the fibres within each fasciculus separated by?

Answer 20

Connective tissue called endoysium.

Question 21

What is each fasciculus surrounded by?

Answer 21

A stronger sheath of connective tissue called perimysium.

Question 22

What are certain tendons, such as the wrist and ankle, surrounded by?

Answer 22

Tubes of fibrous tissue called tendon sheaths and then lined with a lubricating synovial membrane with allows the tendon to slide easily within its sheath.

Question 23

What is inflammation of the tendon sheath called?

Answer 23

Tendinitis and is a common result of strain/over exercise.

Question 24

What are there hundreds of within a muscle?

Answer 24

Muscle fibres which are enclosed in a protective tissue envelope, with most of the fibres extending to cover the entire muscle.

Question 25

What is each muscle fibre composed of?

Answer 25

Many myofibrils which contain filaments of the protein actin and myosin. As the actin and myosis slide over each other the myofibril shortens- this is the bases of muscle contraction