Processes And Techniques Flashcards
What is two-point perspective?
- Shows an object from the side with two vanishing points.
- Shows shapes receding into the distance
- Used to produce realistic drawings of an object.
Why is two-point perspective used?
- Gives the most realistic view of a product as it shows the item edge on, as we would see it.
- Communictaes overhead/suspended views well
- Represents how spatial configurations look in real life
Define lamination
The process of gluing together thin sheets or veneers to create a composite material.
Explain the composition of plywood and where it is use
Composition
- Most common form of laminate material is plywood
- Made from thin layers of wood called veneers
- Always has an odd number of veneers
- Veneers arranged with the grain at 90° to the layer above and below
- Bonded together with strong glues - usually epoxy resins.
Uses
- Indoor uses – cupboards and furniture
- Outdoor – boat building
List other laminates
- Block board
- Lamin board
How are laminates shaped?
4 Marks
- Strips of veneer are glued together and clamped in a former
- After glue drying, the material retains the shape of the former
- Used in products like chairs requiring sweeping curves
- Jigs are used to batch produce products through the lamination process - efficient for creating multiple items with consistent shapes
Explain why traditional wood joints are used and examples of them
- Strong, permanent and neat-looking
- Frame joints are right-angled, jointed frames common in furniture, boxes and many other types of assembly.
Examples
-Butt joint
- Dowelled joint
- Through housing
- Mortise and tenon
- Dovetail joint
- Comb joint
Explain why knock-fittings are used and give examples explaining where they are commonly used
- Found in flat pack furniture
- Assembled at home by customer
- Most KD fittings consist of corner blocks or bloc-joint fittings
- Usually made from a plastic such as nylon.Connecting Blocks
Examples
Connecting blocks
- Made from Polyethylene
- Used for joining sheet materials and attaching kitchen units to the
underside of the worktop for example
- Two-part blocks bolt together so enable dismantling
Furniture Connector Nuts and Bolts
- Cabinets, chairs, desks, shop equipment, tables
- For use with Joint Connector Nuts or Cross Dowels
- For use with self-assembly furniture -easily applied with an Allen key
CamLock Fitting
- Used to assemble flat pack furniture and kitchen cabinets
- Cam and Dowel parts used to pull together standard thickness board panels to give hidden fixings
Explain what a vinyl cutter is
- Computer aided manufacture (CAM) machine for cutting vinyl graphics
- Often used for graphics and company information on vehicles
- The material cut is sticky on one side, enabling it to be stuck to a surface with ease
Explain the process of vinyl cutting
5 points
- Blade has to be calibrated to correct depth, pressure, height
2.Graphics are designed on computer in a 2D format - File is sent to vinyl cutter, which moves a cutting blade on the surface of the vinyl to cut out shapes
- Waste vinyl is removed by hand
- Remaining vinyl graphics peeled from the backing material using transfer film
- Vinyl graphics are stuck to the desired surface such as a board or hard surface
Explain the positives of vinyl cutting and it’s applications
- Can be used on a wide range of materials -vinyl, paper, fabric, and even certain types of plastics - allows designers to create diverse prototypes + designs
- Precise and accurate - can create intricate and detailed designs with clean edges -ideal for creating prototypes + decorative elements
- Allows for a high degree of customization - offers unique and personalised solutions
- Relatively cost-effective - more affordable than 3D printing or CNC machining - accessible to designers with limited budgets
- Fast process - doesn’t require lengthy setup times or complex post-processing steps - speeds up product design and development process
- Minimal material waste - design is cut directly from the sheet - environmentally friendly option
Explain the negatives of vinyl cutting and it’s applications
- Material Limitations - cannot cut metals or certain types of plastics
- Limited Thickness - limited to relatively thin materials
- Can only create 2D designs
- Weeding and Transfer - After being cut, removing excess material (weeding) and transferring the design to its intended surface can be time consuming and requires skill + attention to detail
- Limited Color Options - limited to the available vinyl colors - doesn’t offer the same range as other printing or painting methods
- Maintenance - Regular maintenance to ensure they function correctly - blades need to be replaced + machine requires cleaning + calibration.
Explain the process of injection moulding
Process
1. Plastic granules poured or fed into a hopper
2. A motor turns an Archimedean screw -pushes granules along the heater section which melts them into a liquid
3. The liquid forced into mould by hydraulic ram
4. The plastic water cooled
5. The mould then opens and the unit is removed - ejector pins
Explain the pros and cons of injection moulding
Pros
- Good for mass production
- Low unit costs for high volume
- Precision moulding
- Surface texture can be added to the mould
Cons
- High set up costs
- Expensive moulds to design and make
Explain the process of blow moulding
- Injection moulded pre-form is produced
- Preform is clamped in a mould - with hollow space in the shape of the end product
- Preform is heated and hot air blown into it
- Preform takes shape of the mould
- Plastic is cooled
- Mould is opened and the product ejected
