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anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Location

A

Thorax, within the mediastinum slightly left of midline, apex pointed down and left

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2
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Outer layer

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3
Q

Serous pericardium

A

(Clear) inner layer
Double layer: parietal and visceral

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4
Q

Epicardium

A
  • outer layer of heart
  • serous membrane
  • closest to the pericardium
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5
Q

Myocardium

A
  • middle layer
  • muscular tissue of the heart
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6
Q

Endocardium

A
  • this smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers
  • forms surface of valves
  • touches blood
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7
Q

Right atria

A

Receive blood

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8
Q

Right ventricle

A

Thinner walls and sends blood to lungs

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9
Q

Left atria

A

Receives blood from lungs

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10
Q

Left ventricle

A

Thicker walls and sends blood to body

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11
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Breaks of into the 2 brachiocephalic veins

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12
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Formed when the 2 common iliac veins merged

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13
Q

Valve openings

A

When semilunar valves are open AV valves are shut, vis versa

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14
Q

Ventricular septum

A

Separates ventricles

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15
Q

Atrial septum

A

Separates the atrium

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16
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Separates atria and ventricle

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17
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Separates ventricles

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18
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Separates ventricles

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19
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Full of oxygen

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20
Q

Somatic veins

A

Very little oxygen

21
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Very little oxygen

22
Q

Somatic artery

A

Full of oxygen

23
Q

Trabeculae carneae

A
  • the irregular pattern on the myocardium
  • makes pumping more efficient
24
Q

Chordae tendineae

A
  • holds the valves shut during systoles
  • puts restraint on valves
25
Q

Papillary muscles

A
  • anchor points for the valves
  • 3 on the right
  • 2 on the left
  • doesn’t open or close anything, just holds the door shut
26
Q

Autoactive cells

A

Cells that can generate their own rhythm

27
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Sends electrical impulse in atria and hits the AV node

28
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Forms bundles of his

29
Q

Bundle of His

A

Splits into 2 branches

30
Q

Bundle branches

A

Activate their corresponding ventricles

31
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Lines themselves along the ventricular walls

32
Q

Autonomic innervation

A

Target terminal ganglia in heart wall

33
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Increases heart rate

34
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Slows heart rate

35
Q

P wave

A

Activation of atria / atrial contraction

36
Q

QRS complex

A

Contraction of ventricles

37
Q

T wave

A

Recovery wave, relaxation of the ventricles

38
Q

Arrhythmia

A
  • heart firing off rhythm
  • fixed with pacemaker
  • use defibrillator to fix
39
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A
  • common cause of death in traumas
  • paracaridal sac is filled with blood
  • poor output of blood
  • may occur if ligamentum arteriosum is torn with a chunk of the aorta
  • drain blood by inserting needle into the heart without hitting the heart wall
40
Q

Coronary angioplasty

A
  • lumen is closed
  • coronary artery is shut
  • insert a balloon catheter into blocked area
41
Q

Coronary bypass surgery

A

You use a vein from a different part of the body to replace a vein near the heart because of blockages

42
Q

Ligamentum ateriosum

A
  • little ligament found between pulmonary artery and aorta
  • previously the ductus ateriosus
    • connections between the aorta and pulmonary trunk during fetal life
43
Q

Fossa ovale

A
  • Between 2 atria
  • during fetal development the fetus has a shared atrium which mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood before systemic circulation
44
Q

Prenatal - umbilical veins

A

Postnatal - ligamentum teres

45
Q

Prenatal - ductus venosus

A

Postnatal - ligamentum venosum

46
Q

Prenatal - Foramen ovale

A

Postnatal - fossa ovalis

47
Q

Prenatal - ductus artenosus

A

Postnatal - ligamentum arteriosum

48
Q

Prenatal - umbilical artenosus

A

Postnatal - medial umbilical ligaments

anatomy (21 decks)

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