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Anatomy > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine System

A

Release of a fluid substance, usually though a duct into a cavity lined with epithelium

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2
Q

Endocrine

A

Release of fluid substance directly into the blood stream

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3
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Give the hormone, producing cell, target, and action
Adenohypophysis, pars distalis

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4
Q

Growth hormone

A

From anterior pituitary
stimulates growth

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5
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine, which increases metabolic rate

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6
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

From anterior pituitary, stimulates adrenal cortex to excrete cortisol, copes with stress and reprioritizing chemical processes

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7
Q

Follicle_stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Anterior pituitary hormones
Stimulate the gonads,
In females - stimulates ovarian follicles
Males - regulates sperm production and maturation

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8
Q

Lutinzing Hormone (LH)

A

Anterior pituitary hormones
Stimulate the gonad
- females: stimulates ovulation and release of estrogen and progesterone
- males: stimulates the production of male sex steroids (testosterone)

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9
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Anterior pituitary hormones
Stimulate the gonads:
- females: stimulates milk production
- males: might do something to maintain male reproductive tract

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10
Q

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

A

Intermediate Pituitary (pars intermediate) Hormone
- stimulate melanin production in the basal layer

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11
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Neurohypophysis

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12
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates milk ejection/release (not releases), stimulates contractions during delivery

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13
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Posterior Pituitary
- increases water reabsorption by kidney
- increases BP

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14
Q

Thyroxine

A

Made in thyroid gland
- increases cellular metabolism

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15
Q

Calcitonin

A

Made by thyroid gland
- stimulates calcium excretion, decreases osteoclast activity
- decrease of blood calcium levels

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16
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Made in parathyroid
- increase of blood calcium levels
- inhibit calcium excretion, increases osteoclast activity, increase calcium absorption in the GI tract

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17
Q

Glucagon

A

Made in pancreas
- increases blood sugar
- increases glycogen breakdown

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18
Q

Insulin

A

Made by pancreas
- decreases blood sugar
- increases cellular glucose uptake

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19
Q

Somatostatin

A

Made in pancreas
- slows nutrient uptake in GI tract
- inhibits release of insulin and glucagon

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20
Q

Pancreatic Polypeptide

A

Made in pancreas
- inhibits release of somatostatin

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21
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Suprarrenal

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22
Q

Aldosterone

A

Made in adrenal glands
- increases salt and water reabsorption
- increases BP

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23
Q

Cortisol

A

Made in adrenal glands
- stress response
- increase blood sugar/pressure, immune and inflammatory processes

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24
Q

Testosterone

A

Made in adrenal gland and gonad glands
- stimulates spermatogenesis
- stimulates growth and development
- stimulates secondary sex characteristics

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25
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Made in adrenal glands
- stress response
- breakdown of glycogen, increase heart rate, increases blood pressure, pupillary dilation, decrease of gastrointestinal motility

26
Q

Melatonin

A

Made in Pineal Gland
- sleep/wake cycle
- circadian rhythm

27
Q

Estrogen

A

Made in gonad glands
- promotes secondary sex characteristics

28
Q

Progesterone

A

Made in gonad glands
- prepares uterus for pregnancy

29
Q

Inhibin

A

Made in gonad glands
- inhibits FSH secretion
- stopping spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle growth

30
Q

Calcitriol

A

Made in Kidenys
- increase in blood calcium levels
- stimulates calcium absorption from GI tract

31
Q

Renin

A

Made in kidneys
- increase in blood pressure

32
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Made in Kidneys
- stimulates red blood cell production

33
Q

Arterial natriuretic

A

Made in heart
- decrease in BP
- increase in sodium and water excretion at kidney, decrease in vascular resistance, suppresses release of ADH and aldosterone

34
Q

Brain natriuretic factor

A

Made in heart
- decreases BP

35
Q

Leptin

A

Made in Adipose tissue
- decreases feeding
- regulates energy balance

36
Q

Lymphatic system

A
  • a network of specialized capillaries (lymph capillaries) and small collecting ducts (lymph vessels) that provide a route for return of tissue fluid to the blood stream
  • filtering particulate matter
  • immune mechanisms fight off foreign invaders
  • takes interstitial fluid and removes antigens
37
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid that is made up of interstitial fluid, solutes and foreign material

38
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

Close ended tubes next to blood capillary networks that are in contact with interstitial space (ends of lymph vessels)
- in GI tract they are lacteals, they have a type of lymph that’s thicker and filled with more vitamins called chyle

39
Q

Lymph vessels

A

Receive fluid from capillaries and ensure one-way flow using valves, connectors to lymph nodes

40
Q

Lymph nodes

A
  • small oval aggregates of lymphatic tissue surrounded by fibrous capsule
  • has lots of different parts, many vessels go into the nodes but one 1 comes out
  • contains macrophages and lymphocytes to filter the interstitial fluid
41
Q

Major Lymphatic Trunk

A

Keep places that have the lymphatic system drain into the venous system

42
Q

Thoracic Duct

A
  • Contains all of the left side and the lower extremities
  • goes into the left brachiocephalic trunk
43
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A
  • contains the right thorax and right upper extremity
  • goes into the right brachiocephalic trunk
44
Q

Free Nerve endings

A
  • pain and temperature
  • lateral spinothalamic tract
45
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A
  • light touch
  • not in medial lemniscus system
46
Q

Merkel’s Disc

A
  • pressure and texture
  • medial lemniscus system
47
Q

Ruffini corppuscle’s

A
  • stretch
  • medial lemniscus system
48
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A
  • vibration
  • medial lemniscus system
49
Q

Hair follicle, papilla and bulb

A

Make up hair follicle

50
Q

Hair follicle, arrector pili muscle

A

Contract hair follicle, good for shivering or stress

51
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Make sebum (oily waxy substance), have their own dedicated shaft in sweat glands

52
Q

Sebaceous follicles

A

Make sebum, release into hair follicle duct

53
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Release salty sweat into hair follicle duct

54
Q

Eccrine Sweat glands

A

Release salty sweat using a dedicated sweat pore

55
Q

Nails

A

Stop our fingertips from distorting whenever we press down

56
Q

Root of nail

A

Inside nail

57
Q

Body of nail

A

Outside nail

58
Q

Lunula

A

White stuff at the base of the nail

59
Q

Eponychium

A

The base of the nail

60
Q

Hyponychium

A

Skin underneath the tip of nail

Anatomy (21 decks)

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