Animal Nutrition & Growth: Feedstuffs, Nutrients, Nutrition for Monogastrics and Ruminants Flashcards
Energy feeds characteristics
Grains
- High in energy
- Low in protein
Example:
Corn- Energy = 100%
Protein =7.1-10%
Types of Grains
Corn, barley, molasses, milo, oats, wheat
Roughages characteristics
- High in fiber
- Low in protein
- Low in energy
Types of roughages
Silage, grass, corn silage
Forages Characteristics
- High in fiber
- High in protein
- Low in energy
Types of forages
Hay, Alfalfa
Fats & Oils characteristics
- Contain 2.25 times more energy than carbs
- Added in feed to supply: energy, dust control, essential fatty acids
Types of fats and oils
Animal fats and plant oils
Protein feeds characteristics
- Protein concentrates
- High in protein
- low in energy
Types of protein feeds
- Vegetable Oil: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal
- Animal protein: meat meal, fish meal - causes fishy odor
What are the 4 types of feedstuffs?
- Energy feeds
- Roughages and forages
- Fats and oils
- Protien feeds
What are the 6 nutrients?
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Minerals
- Vitamins
Water
- Most important nutrient
- Universal solvent
- Most available nutrient
Carbohydrates
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- Starch primary source
Fats (lipids)
- More carbon and hydrogen
- 2.25 times more energy/lb than carbs
- Energy and fatty acids
Proteins
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
- Simple protiens contain only amino acids
- Complex proteins contain additional non amino acid substances
Minerals
- Chemical elements other than ones above
- Macro minerals: required in larger amounts
- Micro minerals: required in smaller amounts
Vitamins
- Organic nutrients needed in small amounts
- Fat soluble: A, D, E, K
- Water soluble: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), biotin, choline, B12, folic acid, Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin b
What is a maintenance diet for?
- Steady state at which the animal is not gaining or losing weight
- Maintenance energy is used to maintain basal metabolism
What is a production diet for?
- Semen, ova, ovum production
- Fetal growth and development
- Animal growth
- Milk, meat, eggs, wool production
Nutrient requirements for non-ruminant (monogastric) nutrition
- Concentrates (Cereal grains: corn, wheat, barley) and Oil Meal (SBM, CSM, LSM) are the most common feed
- Low in fiber
- High in digestable energy
What animals would eat monogastric diets?
Swine, poultry, equine. Animals with only one stomach
Nutrient requirements for Ruminant animals
- Grasses (pasture) and forages (hays)
- High in fiber
- Low in digestable energy
What are concentrates (cereal grains) high in?
Energy
What are concentrates (cereal grains) low in?
Fiber
Which animals have starch as the primary source of carbohydrates in their diet?
Swine and poultry
What nutrient must monogastric animals convert to glucose to assure absorption?
Carbohydrates
What sugar are ruminant animals best equipped to utilize?
Cellulose