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Animal Science Notes > Ruminant Digestive System > Flashcards

Ruminant Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva is used as a buffer to?

A

Maintain rumen pH

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2
Q

The esophagus opens up into what compartments?

A

Rumen and reticulum compartments

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3
Q

The esophagus opens up into what compartment after 6-8 weeks of age?

A

The rumen compartment

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4
Q

The esophagus opens up into what compartment before 6-8 Weeks of age?

A

The reticulum compartment

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5
Q

What 4 compartments does the stomach divide into?

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
  4. Abomasum
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6
Q

How big is the rumen?

A

It almost fills the entire left side of the abdominal cavity?

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7
Q

Ruminants do what to the bolus (cud) and chew undigested food?

A

Regurgitate

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8
Q

What are the ruminants called until theyre about 6-8 weeks of age?

A

Functional monogastrics

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9
Q

Why are ruminants called functional monogastrics before they reach 6-8 weeks of age?

A

Their rumens are not fully developed yet

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10
Q

The rumen is what at birth?

A

very underdeveloped

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11
Q

What is the reticulum commonly known as?

A

The honeycomb or hardware store because it traps nails, wire, and metal to protect the rumen from puncture

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12
Q

What does the reticulum do in young calves?

A

It helps move ingesta into the omasum

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13
Q

Are enzymes secreted in the reticulum?

A

No

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14
Q

**How does food pass through the digestive system in young calves?

A
  1. Food passes through the esophagus and into the esophageal groove
  2. It then goes into the reticulum bypassing the rumen because it is not fully developed
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15
Q

**When does the esophageal groove close?

A

6-8 weeks of age

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16
Q

The esophageal groove moves ingesta directly from the what into the what in young calves?

A
  1. Reticulum
  2. Omasum
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17
Q

Mature rumen walls contain what to propel feed?

A

Papillae

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18
Q

The rumen has no what, but is has micro flora action?

A

Enzyme secretions

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19
Q

The rumen has no enzyme secretions, but it does have what?

A

micro flora action

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20
Q

What type of compartment is the rumen?

A

A large, hollow, muscular compartment

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21
Q

What are the functions of the rumen?

A
  1. It stores ingested food
  2. It soaks ingesta
  3. It physically mixed and breaks down ingesta
  4. Its the fermentation chamber
22
Q

What two things are needed in the fermentation chamber?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Protozoa
23
Q

The omasum has short and blunt what?

A

Papillae

24
Q

What is the function of the omasum?

A

It reduces particle size of ingesta and H2O absorption

25
Q

You need bacteria and Protozoa in the fermentation chamber. True or False

A

True, they work together

26
Q

Anaerobic fermentation results in?

A
  1. Synthesis of H2O soluble vitamins and Vitamin K
  2. Synthesis of amino acids and protien
  3. Bacterial enzymes breakdown fibrous feeds CHO (carbs) and VFA (volatile fatty acids)
27
Q

Ruminants take CHO and bacteria/protozoa and turn them into what?

A

Volatile fatty acids during fermentation process, then enzymes turn the VFA’s into glucose, which is turned into energy

28
Q

Are the enzymes secreted in the omasum?

A

No

29
Q

Are enzymes secreted in the abomasum?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is the abomasum comparable to?

A

The simple stomach in monogastrics

31
Q

What is the ONLY place enzymes are secreted in the ruminant digestive system?

A

The abomasum

32
Q

After the abomasum, how does the ruminant digestive system work?

A

Just like the monogastric system

33
Q

What are some ruminant animals?

A

Cattle, sheep, goats

34
Q

Ruminants have no what?

A

Upper incisors

35
Q

Ruminants use what type of jaw movement to shred fibrous feeds?

A

Lateral

36
Q

Ruminants have what saliva production?

A

Continuous

37
Q

How much saliva does an adult cow and sheep produce daily?

A

Cow: 12gal/day
Sheep: 2gal/day

38
Q

Continuous saliva production is necessary in ruminants for?

A

Bacterial action on feed

39
Q

Ruminant saliva has no what?

A

enzymes

40
Q

Ruminant animals eat forages how fast?

A

Rapidly

41
Q

What is the structure where bacteria and protozoa thrive to ferment and breakdown roughages to obtain nutrients?

A

Rumen

42
Q

What do the microorganisms do in the rumen?

A

Digest cellulose and synthesize amino acids from nonprotein nitrogen

43
Q

What is the “true stomach” in a ruminant?

A

The abomasum because it corresponds with the stomach of a monogastric

44
Q

Where does pre-digestive fermentation of feed occur?

A

In the rumen and reticulum

45
Q

What happens when feed passes through the abomasum?

A

Strong acids destroy the bacteria and protozoa

46
Q

What are volatile fatty acids?

A

Waste products of microbial fermentation carbohydrates that are produced during rumen fermentation

47
Q

What do animals use volatile fatty acids for?

A

Their major energy source

48
Q

When milk enters the mouth in a calf, where does it go?

A

Into the esophagus, then through the esophageal groove, then into the abomasum

49
Q

If young calves are forced to consume forage, what happens?

A

Their rumens will develop quicker

50
Q

What Enzyme do ruminants not secrete?

A

Salivary amylase

Animal Science Notes (9 decks)

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