Lesson 3.2: Endosymbiosis Flashcards
difference between eukaryotic cells to their ancestors
presence of compartments.
organelles and nuclei resulted from the ____ or _____
invagination or enfolding of the membranes
The membrane invagination create more compartment providing a higher surface area relative to the volume of the cell. what does it imply
A higher surface area means a quicker exchange of materials between the cell and its surroundings.
___ and ___ can be an exemption in the cell theory because they
-mitochondria and chloroplast
-double membranes and can self-replicate
Explain endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplast are a cell engulfed by a larger cell which triggered a symbiotic relationship that eventually leads to it being an organelle.
components of endosymbiosis
Host cell (Archaea)
Aerobic Bacterium (Proteobacterium)
Photosynthetic Bacterium (cyanobacterium)
Host cell +_____________= non-photosynthetic eukaryotes
aerobic bacterium
Host cell + ______+______= photosynthetic eukaryotes
Aerobic bacterium + photosynthetic bacterium
____ origin of mitochondria
____ origin of chloroplast
Proteobacterium
Cyanobacterium
T or F
eukaryotes are more closely related to archaea than bacteria.
True
What are the five evidences of endosymbiosis?
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure.
- Both have a double membrane; outer layer from vesicle, inner from plasma membrane invagination.
- Contain circular DNA, undergo cell division.
- produce proteins from ribosomes similar to prokaryotes
- RNA base sequence suggests prokaryotic origin.
____ unicelluar microorganims that possess both plant and animal feature
Euglenoids
3 characteristics of Euglenoids featured in plants and animals
- plastids
- photosynthesis
- flagellium t search for food
How did euglenoids form?
through primary and secondary endosymbiosis
Explain the primary and secondary symbiosis in euglenoids.
Host cell engulfed aerobic bacterium, and cyanobacterium.
= green alga
green alga engulfed by a bigger eukaryotic cell
