respiratory Flashcards
*functions of the respiratory system
- moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
-provides a site for gas exchange between air and blood
-protects the respiratory surfaces
-produces sound involved in verbal communication
-assists in regulation of blood volume, pressure and body fluid pH
what membrane is found in many regions of the respiratory system
mucus membrane
what type of epithelium does the respiratory system have
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what are the anatomical features of the respiratory defense system
hair and mucus
what type of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
alveolar duct
-connects respiratory bronchioles (smooth muscle) to alveolar sacs
-lines with simple squamous epithelium
-elastic tissue help keep the shape and position of alveoli when breathing
*the two type of alveolar cells
type 1: squamous epithelial cells; site of diffusion
type 2: secrete surfactant (fluid that reduces surface tension and prevents collapse of alveoli)
*blood air barrier
fused basement membrane between epithelial tissue of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
*pleural membranes
-serous membrane (parietal and visceral pleura)- lines each lung
-pleural cavity (space between pleurae) has serous fluid and reduces friction
pulmonary ventilation, eupnea and hypernea
eupnea- normal breathing
hypernea- breathing more deeply
sympathetic vs parasympathetic system in controlling respiratory rate
s: bronchodilation
ps: bronchoconstriction
respiratory centers of brain located?
medulla oblongata
*receptors that regulate respiration
-mechanoreceptor: changes in lung volume or changed in blood pressure
-chemoreceptor: changes in partial pressures of gases and blood pH
-protective: physical injury or irritation
