urinary

Question 1

*urinary system functions

Answer 1

-eliminates wastes from body
-regulates blood volume and pressure
-controls levels of electrolytes, metabolites and blood pH
-aid liver with some of its metabolic functions
-synthesizes hormones (endocrine role) such as calcitriol, erythropoietin and renin

Question 2

*organs in the urinary system

Answer 2

-kidney
-ureter
-urinary baldder
-urethra

Question 3

*protections of the kidneys include 4 layers, what are the names and the type of Ct that each are?

Answer 3

1. paranephric fat (adipose CT- lose)
2. renal fascia (fibrous CT)
3. perinephric fat (adipose CT- lose)
4. fibrous capsule (dense irregular CT)

Question 4

what what region of the spinal cord innervate the kidneys and ureters

Answer 4

T10-T12

Question 5

*do the kidneys receive sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 5

sympathetic
-vasoconstriction (less filtrate formed) of renal vessels
-increases reabsorption of sodium and water via release of renin… results in an increase in blood pressure

Question 6

*nephron (renal corpuscle)

Answer 6

holds the glomerulus (capillary bed) and the glomerular capsule (captures filtrates + connects tubules)

Question 7

*nephron (renal tubules)

Answer 7

collects filtrate from corpuscle and empties to collecting system
proximal convoluted tubule-> nephron loop-> distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

*what are the functions of the nephron

Answer 8

*filtration-mass movement of water/solutes from blood to glomerular capsule
*reabsorption- movement of water/solutes from renal tubule back into blood
*secretion- secretion of substances from blood into renal tubules after filtration

Question 9

glomerulus

Answer 9

aka capillary bed in kidney
-water and small solutes (glucose, amino acids, ions etc) are filters our of blood into capsular space
-above is allowed because of the fenestrated capillary endothelium, podocyte feet forming filtration slits
and a thicker basement membrane

Question 10

renal tubules

Answer 10

1.proximal convoluted tubule (mostly reabsorption)- simple cuboidal and microvili (increases SA)
2.nephron loop (further reabsorption)-simple squamous ET
3.distal convoluted tubule (mostly secretion)-simple cuboidal
4. collecting tubule (little to no reabsorption/ secretion) - transitional epithelium

Question 11

*what is the difference between the two types of nephrons

Answer 11

1. cortical nephrons- sit in cortex of kidney (shorter nephron loop)
2. juxtamedullary loop - in medulla of kidney(longer nephron loop)

Question 12

after the collecting tubule what structure does urine travel through

Answer 12

collecting ducts->ureters->bladder-> urethra and out

Question 13

where is urine stored?

Answer 13

urinary bladder

Question 14

what structure connects the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder?

Answer 14

ureter

Question 15

*what epithelium and muscle is found in the calyces, renal pelvis, urethra and bladder?

Answer 15

transitional epithelium and smooth muscle (there’s some skeletal m. in the external urethral orifice)

Question 16

what muscle moves urine through the transport system?

Answer 16

smooth muscle

Question 17

*male vs. female urethra

Answer 17

BOTH: end at external urethral orifice
F:
-short SINGLE segment (not shared with reproductive
-epithelium changes from transitional to stratified squamous epithelium
M:
- THREE segments, prostatic, membranous and spongy urethra (shared with urethra)
- epithelium goes from transitional to pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous