Module 8 Populations and Communities Flashcards
Density can have effects on interactions within a population such as competition for food and the ability of individuals to find a mate.
true
Mark and recapture is a method used to determine population size in mobile organisms.
true
Life tables were initially developed by life insurance companies to set insurance rates.
true
Death rate is the number of deaths within a population at a specific point in time.
true
Population rate is the number of births within a population at a specific point in time.
false
The population size of a species capable of being supported by the environment is called its ________.
carrying capacity
Competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in a habitat.
true
A symbiotic relationship where both of the coexisting species benefit from the interaction is called ________.
mutualism
___________________ may physically modify the environment to produce and maintain habitats that benefit the other organisms that use them.
foundation species
The one-child policy was a policy in China that limited population growth by allowing urban couples to have only one child or face a fine.
true
All countries have attempted to reduce the human impact on climate change by increasing their emission of greenhouse gases.
false
Fossil fuels are responsible for dramatically increasing the resources available for human population growth through agriculture (mechanization, pesticides, and fertilizers) and harvesting wild populations.
true
What is true about the organisms found in the yellow region of the cladogram below?
they evolved from a shared ancestor
Using the phylogenetic tree below, choose the species that is most closely related to the gray wolf.
dog
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, what can you conclude about jackals?
The golden jackal does not share the most recent common ancestor with the black-backed jackal.
Based on the phylogenetic tree below, what can you conclude about the use of common names here instead of scientific names?
Common names are not an accurate depiction of phylogenetic relationships.
Which is an accurate way to rewrite the following statement so that it reflects the process of natural selection?
“Horses decided to grow longer legs so they could outrun predators.”
Horses with longer legs were able to outrun predators and, therefore, had higher fitness.
Albinism is a mutation that occurs in a wide range of species and results in organisms with a lack of pigment, so they appear completely white. For which population would you predict an increase in the number of animals with albinism?
a population of arctic foxes that feed on rabbits in the snow
Birds with long, narrow beaks are able to reach insects burrowed in trees but they cannot crush seeds. Birds with short, strong beaks are able to crush seeds but they cannot reach insects. All birds are able to eat plants. If all of these birds are placed on an island with abundant seeds, insects, and plants, what would happen?
Specialization will likely not occur.
Birds with long, narrow beaks are able to reach insects burrowed in trees but they cannot crush seeds. Birds with short, strong beaks are able to crush seeds but they cannot reach insects. All birds are able to eat plants. If these birds are placed on an island with a large amount of insects and a few plants, but no seeds, what would happen?
Over time, there would be an increase in the number of birds with longer beaks.
Birds with long, narrow beaks are able to reach insects burrowed in trees but they cannot crush seeds. Birds with short, strong beaks are able to crush seeds but they cannot reach insects. You arrive on a new island and find that all of the birds have strong, short beaks. What should you expect the food supply to be on this island?
mostly seeds with some plants and a few insects
A flood has occurred and caused a river to move slightly. The river is now separating a population of field mice, as they cannot swim across. Over time, the mice undergo a speciation event. What type of speciation occurred?
allopatric
You are interested in causing a speciation event so that you can see how the process works. Which type of speciation should you choose in order to have the process occur the fastest?
allopatric
During a severe storm, five sandpiper birds were blown to an uninhabited island. You go to study these birds and find that the frequency of genes is changing in every ensuing generation. Why does this occur?
The population size is very small and therefore does not meet the requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
In a population of sandpiper birds in California, there are two alleles for feather color. The darker allele is found in about 70% of the population. A severe storm moved in, and five sandpipers were blown to an uninhabited island. Over time, they reproduce and form a new population of 250 birds. You go to study these birds and find that in the new population, the darker feather allele is found in only 10% of the population. What is the most likely cause?
genetic drift following a bottleneck event
A species of turtle contains a gene for the presence of spots on the shell, which is the dominant trait. The allele ‘A’ denotes a spotted shell, while ‘a’ denotes a uniform shell. At Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, how many turtles have a spotted shell if the frequency of ‘A’ is 0.8?
0.96
__________ will lead to a change in the allelic frequency of a population.
a mutation
Antibiotic resistance occurs when a bacterium is not killed by a specific antibiotic. This usually happens when the bacterium has a plasmid containing a gene for resistance to that antibiotic. Over time, antibiotic resistance has become a significant problem, with many populations of bacteria now resistant to specific antibiotics. By overprescribing antibiotics, humans have increased the rate of what process in bacteria?
natural selection
In a volcanic lake in Nicaragua, there are two species of a small fish called cichlids. Although they are very similar in size, they are slightly different in color and they do not interbreed. Researchers know they are closely related and share a common ancestor. They hypothesize that the fish have speciated recently. Which process of speciation would have caused this?
sympatric
The process of natural selection is often also called “survival of the fittest.” Based on the principles underlying natural selection, which of these would have the highest fitness?
a woman with six kids
Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that causes a change in the shape of red blood cells and causes them to be less effective at carrying oxygen. However, individuals with sickle-cell anemia are resistant to malaria, a parasitic disease carried by mosquitoes that causes severe illness and even death. A global survey of human populations finds higher rates of sickle-cell anemia in countries where the malaria-carrying mosquito is more common. What has caused this increase in sickle-cell anemia in these areas?
natural selection
When analyzing the phylogenetic trees of vertebrates, it is clear that lizards and snakes are older and more ancestral than birds. Based on what you know about how phylogenetic trees work, which came first: the chicken or the egg?
the egg
