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BGM1002-Biochemistry > BGM1002/L23 Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

BGM1002/L23 Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

Why is oxygen required for oxidative phosphorylation?

A

To release energy from electron carriers NADH and FADH2

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2
Q

How many NADH and FADH2 are generated from each citric acid cycle?

A

3 NADH
1 FADH2

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3
Q

What is generated from NADH, FADH2 and O2 during oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Water

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4
Q

In which direction are protons pumped in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Through membrane into matrix

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5
Q

What 2 ionisation states does iron switch between in molecules?

A

Fe2+ and Fe3+

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6
Q

What common feature exists between each step in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Energy is released

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7
Q

What is electron motive force?

A

Pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol

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8
Q

What is proton motive force?

A

Movement of protons from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix down a concentration gradient, generating ATP

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9
Q

What occurs in step 1 of oxidative phosphorylation? (4)

A

Transfer of 2 high-potential electrons from NADH to FMN
Electrons from FMNH2 are transferred to Fe-S clusters
Electrons from Fe-S shuttled to coenzyme Q
2 chemical H+ removed from matrix

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10
Q

What complex is involved in step 1 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Complex 1
NADH-Q oxidoreductase

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11
Q

What is the overall proton transfer in step 1 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

+4H+ in space
-6H+ in matrix

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12
Q

What enzyme is involved in step 2 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Complex II
Coenzyme Q

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13
Q

What is coenzyme Q also known as?

A

Ubiquinone

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14
Q

What occurs during step 2 of oxidative phosphorylation? (2)

A

Q carries electrons from NADH and FADH2
Coenzyme diffuses rapidly within inner mitochondrial membrane

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15
Q

What is the overall charge transfer in step 2 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

+2e- in membrane
-6H+ in matrix

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16
Q

What enzyme is involved in step 3 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Complex III
Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

17
Q

What occurs during step 3 of oxidative phosphorylation? (1)

A

Electrons transferred from QH2 to oxidised cytochrome c (Q-cycle)

18
Q

What is the overall charge transfer during step 3 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

2H+ removed from matrix
4H+ released to intermembrane space

19
Q

What protein is involved in step 4 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Cytochrome c

20
Q

Describe the structure of cytochrome c.

A

Small soluble protein
Contains c-type haem

21
Q

Describe the function of cytochrome c.

A

Carries 1 electron from Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase

22
Q

What is the overall charge transfer in step 4 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

+8H+ in space
+4e- in membrane
-12H+ in membrane

23
Q

What enzyme is involved in step 5 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Cytochrome c oxidase

24
Q

What occurs during step 5 of oxidative phosphorylation? (3)

A

4e- from cytochrome c are transferred to O2
4H+ from matrix complete reduction of O2 to H2O
4 more H+ pumped across membrane to intermembrane space

25
Q

What is the overall charge transfer in step 5 of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

+12H+ in space
-16H+ in matrix

26
Q

Give 3 external factors that may affect oxidative phosphorylation.

A

Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Salicylate
Mitochondrial defects

27
Q

How is a proton pump initially driven?

A

Proton binding to an aspartate group

28
Q

How does carbon monoxide affect oxidative phosphorylation?

A

High affinity for Hb reduces oxygen getting to cells
Binds to cytochrome-oxidase complex

29
Q

How does cyanide affect oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Binds to Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) and blocks step 5

30
Q

How does salicylate affect oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Forms pores in mitochondrial inner membrane
Protons pass through without generating ATP

BGM1002-Biochemistry (29 decks)

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