BGM1002/L28 Amino and Alcohol Metabolism

Question 1

Why must amino acids be metabolised? (2)

Answer 1

To provide energy in time of starvation
To remove excess amino acids from the body

Question 2

Where does protein catabolism mainly occur?

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

What are amino acids converted into?

Answer 3

Metabolic intermediates and urea

Question 4

What do transaminases do?

Answer 4

Swap an amino group for the keto-acid

Question 5

Name 5 metabolic intermediates formed by amino acids.

Answer 5

Acetyl CoA (2C)
Acetoacetyl CoA (4C)
Pyruvate (3C)
Alpha-keto glutarate (5C)
Succinyl CoA (4C)
Fumarate (4C)
Oxaloacetate (4C)

Question 6

How does ethanol metabolism affect response to GABA?

Answer 6

Increases response to neurotransmitter GABA

Question 7

At what rate is ethanol metabolised in the liver?

Answer 7

100mg/Kg/hr

Question 8

Name the 3 molecules/ intermediates involved in ethanol metabolism.

Answer 8

Ethanol
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid

Question 9

Name the enzyme involved in step 1 of ethanol metabolism.

Answer 9

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 10

Name the enzyme involved in step 2 of ethanol metabolism.

Answer 10

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 11

What molecule inhibits gluconeogenesis and the CAC?

Answer 11

NADH

Question 12

What is steatosis?

Answer 12

Fatty liver disease

Question 13

At what point is steatosis irreversible?

Answer 13

Alcohol associated cirrhosis (AC)

Question 14

Give 3 symptoms of chronic alcoholism.

Answer 14

Flushing
Sweating
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Neck and head throb
Liver damage

Question 15

Give an example of a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism.

Answer 15

Disulfiram

Question 16

How does disulfiram work?

Answer 16

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 17

What gene affects alcohol tolerance?

Answer 17

SNPs in ALDH gene

Question 18

How does NAD depletion affect blood sugar and triglyceride synthesis? (2)

Answer 18

Reduced blood sugar
Increased triglyceride synthesis