CLOSED DOOR 2 Flashcards

1
Q

There are no circumstances under which a technologist should be given an invulontary leave of absence due to pregnancy.

A

True

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2
Q

Patient dose is usually estimated by conducting simulated x-ray examination with?

A

Human phantoms and test objects

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3
Q

The frequency of x-ray examination being performed is increasing in all age groups.

A

True

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4
Q

Patient from diagnostic x-ray is most often report in?

A

Entrance skin exposure

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5
Q

Patient skin exposure can be measured indirectly by using a?

A

Nomogram

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6
Q

If the radiographic technique for a KUB calls for 40 mAs, what is the ESE when the output 75 mR/mAs (075 mGy or 75 uGy/mAs)?

A

300 mR

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7
Q

Acute skin effects from radiation exposure have been reported following

A

angiointerventional

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8
Q

For the average fluoroscopy exam the ESE is

A

4 R/min

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9
Q

An estimation of patient dose is reported as

A

Entrance skin exposure
Bone marrow dose
Gonadal dose

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10
Q

Bone marrow dose is measured

A

as an estimate from ESE

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11
Q

The most important variables in determining x-ray dose are the _ and the _

A

receptor speed
x-ray production efficiency

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12
Q

The simplest way to measure patient dose is to measure the

A

entrance skin exposure

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13
Q

The radiation dose monitor most frequently used to measure patient exposure is the

A

thermoluminescent dosimeter

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14
Q

If the output intensity of an x-ray machine is 6.4 mR/mAs at 80 kVp, what is the patient’s ESE from an exam done at 20 mAs at 80 kVp?

A

128 mR

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15
Q

The approximate average of bone marrow dose to the population of the United States is:

A

100 mR/yr

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16
Q

The genetically significant dose to the general public is important because of the risk of:

A

effects of the gene pool

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17
Q

What is the only acceptable techniques for mammography:

A

I. Screen/film
II. Digital

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18
Q

Glandular dose from mammography is approximately ______ of the ESE.

A

15%

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19
Q

Digital mammography results in lower dosage than screen/film mammography.

A

True

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20
Q

CT is considered a low-dose procedure.

A

False

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21
Q

The period of major organogenesis is during ______________ of pregnancy.

A

2nd to 10th week

22
Q

Performing routine xray exams without indication is acceptable for?

A

NOTA

23
Q

Which of the following is one of the least repeat rates?

A

chest xray

24
Q

Patient dose can be reduce by using?

A

fast screen
high kVp

25
Q

Breast dose from scoliosis exam can be reduced by using the?

A

PA proj.
lead shielding

26
Q

The dose in CT is lower if a multi slicer is higher

A

True

27
Q

Xray console must shown

A

beam on time

28
Q

Collimator accurately aligned within a ____ % of the SID?

A

2

29
Q

The ___ is the primary barrier for fluoroscopy

A

image intensifier

30
Q

The design of an uncontrolled area in radiology is base on the NCRP recommended limit of mRem/yr for the public

A

100

31
Q

Gas-filled radiation detectors are based on the

A

ionization of gas

32
Q

The Is used for precise calibration of the out put intensity of diagnostic x-ray tube

A

ion chamber

33
Q

A geiger-muller counter is a

A

Gas filled detector

34
Q

The advantage of using thermoluminescent dosimeters is/are

A

small size
tissue equivalent response

35
Q

Radiation protection guidelines are based on

A

late effects of radiation

36
Q

is a late effect of radiation

A

cancer

37
Q

A epidemiological study of the late effects of very low doses of radiation requires a population of People

A

millions

38
Q

A(n) _______ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases.

A

Stochastic

39
Q

Low doses of radiation have been shown to cause _______.

A

Chromosome damage

40
Q

Chronic low doses of radiation shows _________ effect to fertility.

A

No

41
Q

Studies of A bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has ____________ dose-response relationship to radiation.

A

Linear, non-threshold

42
Q

Radiation Induced- leukemia has a latent period of ______ years.

A

4-7

43
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with radiation showed an increased incidence of ______________.

A

Leukemia

44
Q

It is difficult to link cancer because it occurs ______________ in the population.

A

In high proportion

45
Q

People who had radiation treatments to their thymus gland as children later showed excess risk of _________________.

A

Thyroid cancer

46
Q

People who were employed in painting radium watch dials showed an excess risk for _____ cancer.

A

Bone

47
Q

Relative risk

A

Observed cases/expected cases

48
Q

Radiation induced skin cancer in radiotherapy patients occured in

A

Threshold dose response

49
Q

A study of irradiated population which showed a relative risk factor below 1.0 would indicate that the population has ____ risk.

A

Reduced

50
Q

Data showing the radiation induced human genetic abnormalities ____

A

Does not exist