Neuroanatomy of speech

Question 1

what is the model of speech and language

Answer 1

sensory (auditory and visual) input into language comprehension, this outputs into motor outputs for speech or writing

Question 2

what is Wernicke’s area

Answer 2

sensory
located in posterior temporal lobe
inputs - sounds of words sent from auditory pathways, visual representation of words from visual pathways

Question 3

what is the function of Wernicke’s area

Answer 3

temporal speech/language comprehension

Question 4

what is Broca’s area

Answer 4

located in dominant inferior frontal gyrus
inputs - temporal and parietal lobes via the arcuate fasciculus
outputs - cranial nerve nuclei in pons, medulla controlling bulbar muscles

Question 5

what is dysphasia

Answer 5

impaired comprehension or formulation of language

Question 6

what is aphasia

Answer 6

complete absence of language comprehension

Question 7

what is expressive dysphasia

Answer 7

broca’s area is affected
effortful and broken speech (telegraphic)
comprehension may be intact

Question 8

what is receptive dysphasia

Answer 8

affects Wernicke’s area
difficulty understanding language
fluent and effortless speech but may lack meaning

Question 9

what is conduction dysphasia

Answer 9

affects arcuate fasciculus
intact comprehension and fluent speech
poor speech repetition

Question 10

what is dysarthria

Answer 10

impairment of speech production due to neurological damage to the motor component of speech
sounds slurring

Question 11

what is dysphonia

Answer 11

impairment of speech production due to changes in the vocal apparatus
sounds hoarse, raspy