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Geology 308 for Final > 14. Mining Benefits and Hazards > Flashcards

14. Mining Benefits and Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Where was major copper production?

A

Chile

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2
Q

How much of the world’s copper does Chile produce

A

1/3 of the world’s

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3
Q

What companies operate copper in chile, name all 3.

A
  1. BHP Billiton
  2. Anglo American
  3. Japan’s Sumitomo Corp
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4
Q

where is copper demand the highest?

A

China

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5
Q

Which country provides equipment of copper mining?

A

German machinery

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6
Q

What else does Chile use copper for?

A

To make bed rails, sink, stethoscope in hospital

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7
Q

Why does Chile use copper in hospitals?

A

Has anti-bacterial properties

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8
Q

How many percent of bacterial spread did it decrease?

A

40% reduction

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9
Q

Why does copper have anti-bacterial properties?

A

Copper ions interact with bacteria membranes
Metabolism of bacteria is disturbed
Then bacteria dies

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10
Q

Which company makes copper hospital equipment?

A

BioHealth

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11
Q

Where in Chile is the active copper mine?

A

Los Pelambres

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12
Q

How big is Los pelambres?

A

It’s 5th largest in Chile

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13
Q

What are some names of the mines

A
  1. Los pelambres
  2. Chuquicamata mine
  3. Escondida mine
  4. El Teniente mine
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14
Q

Where is Rio Tinto borates?

A

In Boron, California

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15
Q

What are some jobs at US borax mine?

A
  1. Stem professionals
  2. Mill wrights
  3. quality advisor
  4. Shipping teams
  5. COmmerical team outside Boron
  6. Janitor
  7. Business planner
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16
Q

What is extracted at US borax mine?

A

Borates are refined

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17
Q

What is the environment like at US borax mine amonst people?

A

High interaction

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18
Q

What are rare minerals found in China?

A

Cerium
Yttrium
Lanthanum
Neodymium

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19
Q

what do rare minerals operate?

A

Bombs and batteries and tv screens and camera screens and car batteries and baseball bats and alloys of missiles
(high tech items)

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20
Q

which country dominates in rare earth minerals?

A

China

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21
Q

which country does China threaten with its rare minerals?

A

America

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22
Q

which industry is the largest consumer of rare minerals?

A

Glass industry

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23
Q

what do rare earth minerals do to US

A

Give stronger military advantage

24
Q

how much reserve of rare earth minerals does China hold?

A

35%

25
Q

What was China’s percent of rare earth metal production in 2018?

A

70%

26
Q

how many percent does US consume of rare metals from China

A

80%

27
Q

how much did US buy it for

A

160 Million dollars

28
Q

what are US tariffs exempt on

A

rare metals from china

29
Q

how much has neodymium prices soared?

A

by 20%

30
Q

what is neodymium for

A

speakers and magnets

31
Q

how much has dysprosium prices soared?

A

10%

32
Q

what is dysprosium used for?

A

Lasers

33
Q

where is america trying to find alternatives to china’s rare minerals?

A

Mountain pass mine

34
Q

Where is mountain pass mine

A

California

35
Q

What other company is joining rare mineral trade

A

Lynas from Australia

36
Q

which mineral is unsure if its viable

A

Appalachian coal ash, extract from there

37
Q

Outside of China, where else is America eyeing

A

Congo

38
Q

how many rare earth metals are there?

A

17

39
Q

where are rare earth metals usually found

A

earth’s crust

40
Q

what are rare earth mineral characteristics?

A

Dispersed, hard to mine, high melting and boiling points, reactive to other metals

41
Q

how many rare earth mineral are used in phone

A

up to 16

42
Q

where was before leading source of rare earths?

A

California mountain pass mine

43
Q

where does australian lynas have factory

A

Malaysia

44
Q

What types of rare earths do lynas process

A

Light ones, china has heavy

45
Q

why is the extraction process of rare earths hard?

A

Toxic wastewater, and radioactive residue

46
Q

Where is tantalum mined in?

A

Congo

47
Q

what are 4 conflict minerals in COngo

A

Tungsten
Tantalum
Gold
Tin

48
Q

What does Tungsten do

A

Make phone vibrate

49
Q

what does tantalum do

A

stores electricity for its battery

50
Q

what does gold do

A

coat its wire

51
Q

what does tin do

A

solders circuit board

52
Q

what can you do to stand with congo

A

buy conflict-free products

53
Q

what do congo extraction of resources called

A

conflict minerals

54
Q

what does money from conflict minerals do to Congo

A

Military armed groups profiting
Fuels violence of gangs
abducting children
raping to create fear

55
Q

what is coltan

A

conflict mineral

Geology 308 for Final (11 decks)

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