Earth Science Flashcards
- Methods used by geologists to determine the general sequence
of geologic events from oldest to youngest are known as:
A. geochronology
B. absolute dating
C. general dating
D. relative dating
D. relative dating
- A sample of rock has 2, 000 parent atoms and 30, 000 daughter
atoms. The element has a half-life of 3 million years. What is the
age of the sample?
A. 10, 670, 000 years
B. 12, 000, 000 years
C. 45, 000, 000 years
D. 60, 000, 000 years
B. 12, 000, 000 years
Solution:
Step 1: % of Parent Atoms Remaining = (Number of Parent
atoms/Total Number of Atoms) x 100
Step 2: Use the Chart to determine the total number of HalfLives passed
1 Half-life = 1/2 or 50% Parent material remains
2 Half-Lives = 1/4 or 25% Parent material remains
3 Half-Lives = 1/8 or 12.5% Parent material remains
4 Half-Lives = 1/16 or 6.25% Parent material remains
Step 3: Use the known Half-Life in the chart multiplied by the
fixed Half-Life of the element to get the age of the sample
- “Geological processes operating at the present time are the
same processes that have operated in the past” is a statement of:
A. the principle of cross-cutting relationships
B. the principle of original horizontality
C. the principle of uniformitarianism
D. the principle of faunal succession
C. the principle of uniformitarianism
- What is the primary force responsible for the separation and
removal of weathered and unweathered rocks and soil in the
process of erosion?
A. Water
B. Ice
C. Gravity
D. Wind
A. Water
- During the process of sediment deposition, which factor is
most likely to influence the sorting of particles?
A. Particle size and weight
B. Distance from the sediment source
C. Velocity of the transporting agent
D. Chemical composition of the sediments
A. Particle size and weight
- Which type of volcano is formed by viscous magma being
erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling-up around
the vent?
A. Shield Volcano
B. Lava Dome
C. Composite Volcano
D. Cinder Cones
B. Lava Dome
- Which is not a non-renewable source of energy?
A. Petroleum
B. Biomass
C. Coal
D. Uranium
B. Biomass
- The air pollution index of Marvel City is rising to a critical
level. After testing the air quality, the scientists found out that
carbon emissions have increase greatly over the past year. What
should be a good move for the city planners to mitigate the
situation?
I. Recycle plastic products to decongest the river systems.
II. Increase forest rehabilitation and tree planting activities.
III. Shift from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy sources.
IV. Harvest rainwater for conservation.
A. Only I and II
B. Only II and III
C. Only III and IV
D. None of the above
B. Only II and III
- At present, human activities have been affecting our planet in so many
ways. Pollution, environmental exploitation, and waste production are
threatening our environment and the entire planet. What could be possible
ways to help our environment to recover from these hazardous effects.
I. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle to lessen the impact of waste especially paper and plastic
products.
II. Practice environmental protection and rehabilitation of forests by planting trees.
III.Reduce carbon emissions by using bicycles and electric forms of transportation.
IV.Favor renewable sources of energy sources like burning of biomass, harnessing
geothermal and hydropower.
A. Only I and III
B. Only II and IV
C. None of the above
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
- What is the primary function of humus in soil?
A. Nutrient storage
B. Soil pH Regulation
C. Water Retention
D. All of the choices are correct
D. All of the choices are correct
- Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of cover
cropping in soil conservation.
A. Cover cropping only benefits nutrient retention
B. Cover cropping has no impact on soil structure
C. Cover cropping improves soil fertility and reduces erosion
D. Cover cropping leads to increased soil compaction
C. Cover cropping improves soil fertility and reduces erosion
- Evaluate the effectiveness of contour plowing as a soil
conservation technique.
A. It increases soil erosion
B. It enhances water runoff
C. It has no impact on soil conservation
D. It minimizes soil erosion
D. It minimizes soil erosion
- Which of the following is the most abundant salt in seawater?
A. Calcium sulfate
B. Magnesium carbonate
C. Potassium bromide
D. Sodium chloride
D. Sodium chloride
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of the continental
shelf and the abyssal plain. Which area is generally deeper and
more remote?
A. Abyssal plain
B. Continental shelf
C. Both are equally deep
D. Neither is remote
A. Abyssal plain
- Analyze the impact of overfishing on marine biodiversity. How
does overfishing disrupt the balance of marine ecosystems?
A. It depletes certain species and disrupts food chains.
B. It enhances biodiversity.
C. It has no effect on marine ecosystems.
D. It promotes species resilience
A. It depletes certain species and disrupts food chains.
Analyze the factors contributing to the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). Choose the option that best describes the underlying reasons for the production of e-waste:
a.
Consumer culture and rapid turnover of electronic gadgets
b.
Increased durability and longevity of electronic products
c.
Lack of technological advancements in electronic devices
d.
Strict regulations prohibiting the disposal of electronic items
a.
Consumer culture and rapid turnover of electronic gadgets
Analyze the potential health implications of improper management of solid wastes on human populations. Choose the option that best illustrates the critical aspects of how solid waste pollution may affect human health:
Question 2Answer
a.
Solid waste pollution has a negligible effect on human health, as modern sanitation methods effectively neutralize any potential hazards.
b.
Proper solid waste management has no significant impact on human health, as landfills are designed to contain waste effectively.
c.
The accumulation of solid wastes promotes a healthier environment by fostering the growth of beneficial microorganisms.
d.
Exposure to hazardous substances from improper disposal of solid wastes can lead to respiratory issues, water contamination, and other health risks.
d.
Exposure to hazardous substances from improper disposal of solid wastes can lead to respiratory issues, water contamination, and other health risks.
Analyze the potential health implications of plastic waste on human populations. Choose the option that best describes the critical aspects of how plastic pollution may affect human health:
Question 3Answer
a.
Plastic waste has no direct impact on human health, as it is inert and non-reactive.
b.
The consumption of plastic-contaminated food is entirely safe, with no known health risks.
c.
Exposure to certain chemicals in plastics may lead to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and developmental issues.
d.
Plastic waste positively contributes to human health by providing affordable and durable materials.
c.
Exposure to certain chemicals in plastics may lead to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and developmental issues.
Evaluate the environmental impact of extracting and using fossil fuels. Which choice best describes the overall environmental consequences?
Question 4Answer
a.
Fossil fuel extraction has negligible environmental effects, and their use is the most environmentally friendly option available.
b.
Fossil fuel extraction has minimal environmental impact, and their use is essential for economic development.
c.
Fossil fuel extraction and use have severe environmental consequences, and alternative energy sources should be prioritized for a sustainable future.
d.
Fossil fuel extraction poses significant environmental challenges, but their use is crucial for meeting current energy demands.
c.
Fossil fuel extraction and use have severe environmental consequences, and alternative energy sources should be prioritized for a sustainable future.
Evaluate the environmental impact of geothermal energy compared to traditional fossil fuels. Choose the most accurate statement.
Question 5Answer
a.
Geothermal energy and fossil fuels have similar environmental impacts, making them equally viable for sustainable energy production.
b.
Geothermal energy has a lower environmental impact than fossil fuels as it produces minimal air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
c.
Fossil fuels are more environmentally friendly than geothermal energy, as they have a longer history of reliable power generation.
d.
Geothermal energy has a higher environmental impact than fossil fuels due to the release of harmful gases during extraction.
b.
Geothermal energy has a lower environmental impact than fossil fuels as it produces minimal air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Evaluate the environmental impact of single-use plastics and their contribution to waste pollution. Choose the most accurate statement:
Question 6Answer
a.
Alternatives to single-use plastics are less sustainable and have a greater environmental footprint.
b.
Single-use plastics have minimal impact on the environment due to their convenience and low production cost.
c.
Single-use plastics significantly contribute to environmental pollution, posing threats to marine life and ecosystems.
d.
The use of single-use plastics is necessary for hygiene and sanitation, outweighing any potential environmental concerns.
c.
Single-use plastics significantly contribute to environmental pollution, posing threats to marine life and ecosystems.
Evaluate the significance of hydroelectric energy in the context of environmental and energy considerations. Choose the most accurate statement.
Question 7Answer
a.
Hydroelectric energy is not a reliable source of power and is outperformed by fossil fuels in terms of efficiency.
b.
Hydroelectric energy has negligible environmental impact and is the most sustainable form of energy production
c.
Hydroelectric energy is crucial for sustainable development, providing a renewable and clean alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
d.
Hydroelectric energy contributes to deforestation and disrupts aquatic ecosystems, making it environmentally harmful.
c.
Hydroelectric energy is crucial for sustainable development, providing a renewable and clean alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
