Gravitation and Kepler Flashcards

1
Q

Describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force

A

Inertial mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The region around the Earth in which objects experience a force due to Earth’s gravity

A

Gravitation field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Suggests that objects attract other objects with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who was the first astronomer to propose that the Sun is the center of the solar system

A

Nicholas Copernicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who believed that all planets except Earth orbit the Sun

A

Tycho Brahe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who used huge instruments he built himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars

A

Tycho Brahe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who used 30 years worth of observations made by other scientist and concluded that the planets orbit the Sun

A

Kepler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who proposed that the force exerted on a planet by the Sun is inversely proportional to the distance between centers of the planet and the Sun

A

Newton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who discovered that the shape of a Planet’s prbit is an ellipse

A

Copernicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was the first to theorize that the force that makes objects fall to Earth is the same force that the Sun exerts on the planets

A

Newton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who used geometry and mathematics to discover his three laws of planetary motion

A

Kepler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which one of Kepler’s law: Relates the motion of more than one object about a single body

A

Third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which one of Kepler’s law: Describes the shape of the planets’ orbit

A

First

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which one of Kepler’s law: States that the SUn is located at one focus of a planet’s orbit

A

First

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which one of Kepler’s law: States that an imaginary line drawn from a planet to the Sun will sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals

A

Second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong

A

Penitence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Period after the Black Death where European culture, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth”

A

Renaissance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where the Sun is the center of the Solar System

A

Heliocentricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where the Earth is the center of the Solar System

A

Geocentricity

20
Q

A fixed or moveable habitation, typically of light construction

A

Tabernacle

21
Q

A typical example or pattern of something; a model

A

Paradigm

22
Q

Unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from cerebral hemorrhage or stroke

A

Apoplexy

23
Q

To be unchanging overtime or unable to be changed

A

Immutable

24
Q

The motion of a projectile has both _______ and _______ components

A

horizontal, vertical

25
Q

A projectile fired horizontally will accelerate toward Earth at a rate of

A

-9.8 m/s

26
Q

If the magnitude of the ______ component of a projectile’s motion is great enough, the projectile will fall to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the projectile

A

Horizontal

27
Q

A projectile fired horizontally from less than 150 km above the surface of Earth will fall back to Earth no matter how fast it is traveling because of

A

Air Resistance

28
Q

An object that falls to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the object is said to be in orbit

A

orbit

29
Q

The effect of mass on space

A

Curvature

30
Q

The effect of gravity on light

A

Deflection

31
Q

Einstein thought gravity was an

A

Effect of space

32
Q

An object so dense that light leaving the object is bent back on itself

A

Black Hole

33
Q

Predicts the effects of gravity

A

General theory of relativity

34
Q

Allows us to picture gravity acting at a distance

A

Gravitational field

35
Q

Newton’s law of universal gravitation allows us to calculate the ______ force that exists between two bodies because of their mass

A

gravitational

36
Q

Einstein proposed that gravity is not a _____ but rather an effect of _____ itself

A

force, space

37
Q

According to Einstein, the mass of a body changes the _____ around it

A

space

38
Q

____ causes space to be curved, and other bodies are accelerated because of the way they follow this curved space

A

mass

39
Q

According to Einstein theory of _______, if an object is massive and dense enough, any light it emits is actually bent back to the object

A

relativity

40
Q

What’s the difference between gravitational and inertial mass

A

gravitational mass: describes the force on an object in a gravitational field
inertial mass: measured by measuring an object’s resistance to changes in velocity

41
Q

Which scientist developed an experiment to measure G, using lead spheres and a very thin wire? Why is the experiment valuable?

A

Henry Cavendish developed an experiment to measure G, he found the Universal gravitational constant of Earth

42
Q

Kepler’s First Law

A

States that the path of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus

43
Q

Kepler’s Second Law

A

States that an imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals

44
Q

Kepler’s Third Law

A

States that the gravitational force between only two objects is directly proportional to the square of the distance between their centers

45
Q

What’s the difference between g and G

A

Little g is acceleration due to gravity, Big G is the universal constant