Physics Final Review (Semester 1) Flashcards by Josie Newberry

Scalar

Magnitude and no direction

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Vector

Magnitude and direction

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Precision

The frequency of something producing the same thing in close proximity

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Accuracy

How close it is to actual value

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Particle model

Where the object moves in a single point(simplified motion diagram)

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Magnitude

Size

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Displacement

A change in position having both magnitude and direction

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Vectors

The sum of two or more vectors being added

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Acceleration

The change in velocity over time

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Free fall

Motion of an object when gravity is the only significant force

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Acceleration due to gravity

Acceleration of an object only due to the force of gravity

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Force

A push or a pull

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Inertia

The tendency to resist change

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Newton’s First Law

An object will remain at rest (or moving constantly) unless acted on by an external force

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Newton’s Second Law

New force is equal to mass times acceleration F=ma

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Newton’s Third Law

For every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction

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Uniform motion

Type of motion in which an object travels in a straight line with a uniform speed

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Contact force

A force as a result of two objects in contact

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Field Force

A force exerted on a n object that has no contact

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Drag force

A force acting in opposite to the relative motion of an object moving

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Terminal Velocity

Maximum velocity attainable by an object as it falls

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Normal force

The force the surface exerts; so objects don’t pass through each other

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Kepler’s First Law

Each planet’s orbit about the sun is an ellipse

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Kepler’s Second Law

An imaginary line between the sun and planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time

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Kepler's Third Law

Square periods are proportional to the cubes of their radius (can find distance/period)

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Suggests that objects attracts other objects without force that's proportional to product of masses and inversely proportional to the square radius.

Scientific Theory

An explanation of things/events based on on knowledge gained through observations and investigations

Scientific Law

A description of a rule of nature

Which prefix denotes the smallest amount

Nano/pico

A hypothesis can best be defined as a

prediciton

Velocity

Distance over time, how fast it's moving and in which direction it's moving

The rate at which an object's velocity changes

Acceleration

Velocity equation

d/t

A force exerted without contact

Field force

Every action has an equal but opposite reaction

Newton's Third Law

Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes a

Interaction pair

In metric system, what is the base unity for length

Meters

A device with a very small divisions on its scale can measure with high

precision

What is the base unit for mass

kilograms

Which prefix denotes the largest amount

Milli

What should a scientist do if his conclusion does not match his original hypothesis

Revise the original hypothesis

A series of points that depict an object in motion

Particle model

Acceleration due to gravity on earth

9.8m/s

Acceeration due to grvaity on the moon

1.6m/s

The net force on an object is equal to zero when the object in is

equilibrium

Resultant

Force, velocity, or other vector quantity which is the combined effect of two or more vectors

Weight

The effect of gravity in a mass

What is the strongest geometric shape

Triangle

The shape of Mars' orbit around the sun is most accurately describes as a

ellipse

Which is more precise: Beaker or Graduated Cylinder

Graduated cylinder

When graphing data, the dependent variable goes on the

y-axis

When graphing data, the independent variable goes on the

x-axis

Which city in the US has the most number of bridges

Pittsburgh

Four fundamental forces of nature

Gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear

Accuracy

How close to accepted value

precision

frequency which a measurement produces the same result

Scalar

Magnitude and no direction

Vector

Magnitude and direction

Magnitude

Size

Temperature

Kelvin

length

meter

mass

kilograms

time

seconds

force

Velocity

m/s

acceleration

m/s^2

Energy

Delta (Triangle)

Newton's First Law

With an unbalanced force; an object at rest, stays at rest and an object in motion, stays in motion.

Newton's Second Law

F=ma

Newton's Third Law

Forces come in pair

Inertia

Tendency to resist change

Mass

Amount of matter in an object

Force

A push or a pull

Normal force

Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object

Speed

Change in distance per unit of time

Acceleration

Change in velocity per unit of time

Free-body Diagram

Shows forces acting on an object

Center of mass

Point where all mass is concentrated

Weight

The vertical downward force exerted on a mass by gravity

Reaction Time

Response to a situation

Projectile

Travels through the air or another medium

Kepler's First Law

Planets move in an ellipse around the sun

Kepler's Second Law

Imaginary line between the planets and the sun that sweeps equal areas in equal time

Kepler's Third Law

Defines the relationship between the motion and period of planets (square period proportional to the subes of their radius')

Copernicus

Proposed heliocentric point of view instead of geocentric

Brahe

Believed all planes except Earth orbit the sun

Force and acceleration have a ____ impact

direct

The greater the force, the greater the ___

Acceleration

Acceleration and mass have an ____ relationship

inverse

The average speed is ____ the average velocity

The absolute value of

A series of images showing the position of a moving object over equal time intervals

Motion diagram

A graph with time data on the x-axis and position on the y-axis

Position-time graph

Instantaneous Acceleration

Change in an object's velocity at an instant of time

Inertial Mass

Describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force

The effect of gravity on space

Curvature

Effect of gravity on light

Deflection

Who developed BIg G, why is it valuable

Henry Cavendish; Found the universal gravitational constant of Earth

Difference between g and G

Little g is acceleration due to gravity and Big G is the universal gravitational constant

If the net force is equal to zero then the object is said to be in

equilibrium

Two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes

Drag force

The attractive force that exist between all objects with mass is the

Gravitational force

The London Bridge crosses what river

Thames

The most famous bridge collapse in the United States is known as

Galloping Gertie

Tycho Brahe

Thought every planet besides the Earth orbits the sun and he used instruments he built himself he built himself to record stars.

Copernicus

Proposed the sun is the center of the solar system