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Thermo/States of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Thermal Conduction

A

The transfer of thermal energy when particles collide

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2
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

State in which the rates of thermal energy transfer between two objects are equal and the objects are at the same temperature

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3
Q

Specific Heat

A

Amount of energy needed to add to a material to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one temperature unit

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4
Q

Heat Engine

A

A device that is able to continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy

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5
Q

Heat

A

A transfer of thermal energy

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6
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of the dispersal of energy

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7
Q

Fluids

A

Materals that can flow and have no definite shape of their own

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8
Q

Plasma

A

A gas-like state of (-) charged electrons and (+) charged ions. Another state of matter

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9
Q

Where is plasma found?

A

Stars, lighting bolts, neon signs, and fluorescent bulbs

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10
Q

What is the heat equation

A

Q=mCdeltaT

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11
Q

What is the unit for Q

A

Joules

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12
Q

What is the unit for m

A

kg

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13
Q

What is the unit for C

A

J/kg x k

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14
Q

What is the unit for Delta T

A

Kelvin

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15
Q

What is the equation for pressure

A

P=Force/area

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16
Q

What is P written in

A

Pascals (Pa)

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17
Q

What is area written in

A

m^2

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18
Q

What is different between the heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization

A

Heat of Fusion is the transition between the freezing and melting point and Heat of Vaporization is the transition from liquid to vaporization and back

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19
Q

Convection

A

Heating caused by the motion of fluid in liquid or gas due to temperature differences (Oven)

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20
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (Sun)

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21
Q

Conduction

A

Heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference in temperature. Travel through a medium

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22
Q

When was the first steam engine built

A

the 18th century

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23
Q

When does entropy increase

A

When there’s more heat (temp increase)

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24
Q

What happens to entropy in a system if thermal energy is removed

A

The temperature will decrease.

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25
Q

Name three things that use an internal combustion engine

A

Vehicles, boats, airplanes, trains

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26
Q

What is unit for heat, work, and energy

A

Joules

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27
Q

WHat is generated in heat engines

A

They continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy

28
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

In an uncontrolled system, when energy is able to disperse, the energy always spreads to a stable states

29
Q

How are entropy and energy crisis related

A

Waste heat is always generated, dispersing thermal energy beyond the engine. Even an ideal engine were to be built, wate heat would still be there

30
Q

Why does ice float

A

Ice is less dense than water

31
Q

Cohesion

A

Forces of attraction that like particles exert on one another

32
Q

Adhesion

A

Attractive forces that act between particles of different substances

33
Q

Viscoity

A

A measure of its resistance to deform at a given rate
Thickness in a liquid is an example

34
Q

Unit of specific heat

A

J/kg x K

35
Q

Unit of heat

A

Q

36
Q

Unit of entropy

A

S

37
Q

Unit of Kelvin

A

K

38
Q

Unit of degree Celsiujs

A

C

39
Q

Unit of energy change

A

Delta E

40
Q

Unit of temperature change

A

Delta T

41
Q

According to the second law of thermodynamics, natural process go in the direction that _____ the total entropy of the system

A

maintains or increases

42
Q

The total increase in the thermal energy of a system is the heat affef to it must the _____ done by it

A

work

43
Q

A heat pump

A

transfers heat into and out of the house depending on the season

44
Q

The form of heat transfer that takes place in a house heated by forced I=air is primarily

A

conevection

45
Q

Natural processes tend to move toward greater

A

order

46
Q

Pressure is the ratio of force to the ____ over which it is applied

A

area

47
Q

A rock will sink in water because its ___ is greater than that of water

A

density

48
Q

The SI unit of pressure is

A

pascal

49
Q

The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of a submerged object produces a force known as

A

buoyancy

50
Q

According to pascals principle, any change on a confined fluid

A

is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid

51
Q

A fluid is a substance that

A

has no definite shape

52
Q

As the temperature of a sample of liquid water is increased from a starting point of -1 C, the volume of the water initially ____

A

decreases

53
Q

The pressure exerted by a column of liquid is independent of the ____

A

shape of the container

54
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed

55
Q

Third Law of Thermodynamics

A

all process cease as temperature approaches absolute zero

56
Q

Zeroth Law

A

If each of two systems is in equilibrium with the third system, the first two are in equilibrium with each other

57
Q

Who was Archimedes

A

FIgured out the value of pi and the volume of a sphere

58
Q

What was Archimedes called

A

“father of integral calculus”

59
Q

Archimedean Principle

A

If an object weighs more than the fluid it displaces, it will sink, if it weighs less than the fluid it displaces, it will float.

60
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

61
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing (solidification)

62
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Evaporation

63
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

64
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation (dry ice)

65
Q

Gas to solid

A

Doposition

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