evolution chapter 7

Question 1

structural adaptation

Answer 1

physical appearance
ex: camouflage, mimicry

Question 2

physiological adaptation

Answer 2

internal and cellular features of organism
ex: toxins produced by plants

Question 3

behaviour adaptation

Answer 3

actions of an organism
ex: hibernation, migrating south

Question 4

how are adaptations developed

Answer 4

• positive effect, negative effect, no effect on an individuals ability to survive and reproduce
• interaction with environment is important as it can change
  ex: climates, droughts, floods

Question 5

what determines what variations become adaptations

Answer 5

different combinations of genes offspring can inherit from parents can result in greater genetic variation
- sources: sexual reproduction, mutations, gene flow

Question 6

explain adaptations using peppered moths

Answer 6

ratios of moths in population changed over successive generations

Question 7

how can mutations provide selective advantage?

Answer 7

help organism survive changing environmental conditions
ex: antibiotic resistant

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

describes changes to population caused by environmental pressures and selective advantages
ex: giraffes with long necks passed down trait

Question 9

artificial selection

Answer 9

describes changes to population caused by selective breeding by humans
ex: cats bred for appearance

Question 10

similarities between natural and artificial

Answer 10

population changes over time and certain traits become more common

Question 11

consequences of artificial selection

Answer 11

certain traits selected for, other traits become negatively affected
ex: english bulldog bred to have flat faces, can result in respiratory problems