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Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral > Topic 15 - Examination of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Nasal discharge, breath, the examination of the respiratory sounds around the nostrils > Flashcards

Topic 15 - Examination of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Nasal discharge, breath, the examination of the respiratory sounds around the nostrils Flashcards

1
Q

Examination method of nose and paranasal sinus:

A
  • external and internal inspection - palpation
  • auscultation(ear)
  • percussion
  • smelling
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2
Q

Further examination for nose and paranasl sinuses:

A
  • Check the nasal discharge: cytology, parasitic examination, bacteria
  • X-ray
  • Endoscopy
  • Biopsy
  • CT, MRI
  • Nasogastric tubing
  • diagnostic rhinotomy
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3
Q

Which parts of the body do we examine for nose and paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Shape, form of the nose
  2. Occurrence of nasal stridor
  3. Expired air
  4. Occurrence of nasal discharge
  5. Nasal plane
  6. Nasal openings(nostrils), mucous membranes
  7. Palate, nasopharynx
  8. Paranasal and frontal sinuses
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4
Q

Normal nasal stridor:

A

faint regular noise during expiration

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5
Q

Name the abnormal nasal stridor sounds:

A
  1. Stridor (narrow air passage)
  2. Sneezing
  3. Snoring, stertor (brach. dog)
  4. Reverse sneezing
  5. Singulation (in puppies)
  6. Purring (cat)
  7. groaning (in dog and cow, rarely in horse)
  8. panting (dog)
  9. howling (dog)
  10. Alterations of voice (rabies)
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6
Q

There are different types of stridors, depending on location, name them:

A

Nasal stridor
Pharyngeal stridor
Laryngeal stridor
Collapsed trachea
Larynx paralysis
Narrow trachea, bronchus

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7
Q

Which sound does nasal stridor make?

A

Sniffing sound

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8
Q

Which sound does pharyngeal stridor make?

A

Snorring sound

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9
Q

Which sound does laryngeal stridor make?

A

Soft “sawing” sound

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10
Q

Which sound does collapsed stridor make?

A

Tooting sound on EXPIRATORY

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11
Q

Which sound does larynx stridor make?

A

Stridor on INSPIRATORY

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12
Q

Which sound does narrow trachea stridor make?

A

a mixed stridor

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13
Q

Parameters to examine of expired air:

A
  1. strength
  2. symmetry
  3. temperature
  4. odor, smell
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14
Q

Normal expired air:

A

Medium strong
Warm
Symmetrical
Odor is characteristic of breed
Palpation is not painful

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15
Q

Parameters to examine of nasal discharge:

A
  1. Continuity: if it is permanent or periodic
  2. Side: left, right or both
  3. Quantity
  4. Quality: consistency: If it is watery, mucous, mucopurulent, hemorrhagic, foamy, contains food intake, foreign material, or debris
  5. Color
  6. Odor, smell
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16
Q

Which disease can you see?

A

Distemper

17
Q

Which disease can you see?

A

Rhinitis / nasal discharge

18
Q

Which parameters do examine on nasal plane?

A
  1. Surface
  2. Colour
  3. Moistness
19
Q

Normal nasal plane, in most animals:

A

Moist, intact and pigmented

20
Q

Which parameters do we examine of nasal opening, nostrils:

A
  1. Shape of nostrils
  2. Width
  3. Movability of the nasal alae
  4. Symmetry
  5. Mucous membrane, for exaimation inside
21
Q

Which paramters do we examine for the palate and nasopharynx?

A

Abnormalities and mucous membrane

Have to open the mouth to examine, either with or without optical instruments

22
Q

Which optical instruments can we use to examine the palate?

A

Dental mirror
Endoscopy

23
Q

What can you see?

A

Epistaxis

= medical term for nose bleed

24
Q

What can you see?

A

rhinitis ulcerosa

25
Q

What can you see?

A

Cutaneus vasculitis

26
Q

What can you see?

A

Discoid lupus erythematosus

27
Q

Examination method of paranasal and frontal sinuses:

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion

28
Q

Additional examination method of paranasal and frontal sinuses:

A

Endoscopy (in horse)
X-ray, CT, MRI

29
Q

Name paranasal and frontal sinuses:

A
  1. Maxillaris
  2. Frontalis
  3. Lacrimalis
  4. Palatinus
  5. Sphenoidalis
  6. Ethmoidale
  7. Sphenopalatinae
30
Q

Normal nostril:

A

Regular shape and symmetrical width

31
Q

Normal nasal alae:

A

Not moving during inspiration or expiration

32
Q

Normal nasal plane:

A

Moist, intact, black colour, no nasal discharge

33
Q

Normal palates:

A

Intact, moist, pinkish red

34
Q

Normal mucous membrane of nose:

A

intact, smooth, shiny and light pink

Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral (45 decks)

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