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Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral > Topic 16 - Examination of the larynx and the trachea. Examination of the cough, cough induction. > Flashcards

Topic 16 - Examination of the larynx and the trachea. Examination of the cough, cough induction. Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures to examine for the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Nose and paranasal sinuses
  2. Coughing
  3. Larynx and pharynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Thorax
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2
Q

Methods for external examination of larynx and pharynx:

A

Inspection
Palpation
Ausultation

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3
Q

Additional examination of larynx and pharynx:

A

X-ray
Endoscopy
CT, MRI

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4
Q

Parameters to examine during external inspection examination:

A
  1. Skin
  2. Deformity
  3. Swelling
  4. Symmetricy
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5
Q

Parameters to examine during external palpation examination:

A
  1. Form
  2. Outline
  3. Muscles
  4. Surface of the larynx
  5. Abnormal masses
  6. Compression ability and press sensitivity of the arytenoids
  7. Temperature
  8. Painfulness
  9. Fremitus (vibration)
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6
Q

Normal sound when auscultating the larynx and pharynx:

A

Normally weak stridor under inspiration and expiration

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7
Q

Methods for internal examination of larynx and pharynx:

A

Inspection

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8
Q

Which parts do we inspect on the internal examination of larynx and pharynx?

A

Epiglottis
Nasopharynx
Tonsilla

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9
Q

Parameters to examine of the nasopharynx:

A

-symmetry and synchronous movementof the arytenoids
-rimaglottidis
-color, capillaries and deformation of mucous membranes

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10
Q

Parameters to examine of the tonsilla:

A

*size, shape
*semilunarfold
*colour
*surface
*symmetry

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11
Q
A

Tonsillitis

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12
Q

Methods of examination of the trachea:

A
  • External inspection
  • Palpation
  • Auscultation
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13
Q

Additional examination methods of the trachea

A

X-ray
Endoscopy
CT, MR
Tracheal fluid sampling
Tracheal fluid analysis

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14
Q

Which instruments can we use to perform tracheal fluid sampling?

A

Endoscopy or trans-tracheal aspiration

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15
Q

What can we examine with tracheal fluid analysis?

A

quality
cytological
bacteriologic
mycologica
virologic
parasitologicexamination

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16
Q

Definition of coughing:

A

Important reflex by which the respiratory system protects itself against injury and foreign material

17
Q

which areas can we provoke coughing?

A

the reflex can occur via stimulation of the airways anywhere from the larynx to the larger bronchi

18
Q

Which parameters do we examine during coughing?

A
  1. Origin
  2. Frequency
  3. Strength
  4. Tone
  5. Occurrence
  6. Duration
  7. Secretion content
  8. Painfull
  9. Deepness
  10. Localization

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19
Q

Parameters to examine origin of cough:

A

spontaneous or stimulated?

20
Q

Parameters to examine frequency of cough:

A

rare, frequent

21
Q

Parameters to examine strength of cough:

A

Weak, medium intense, intense

22
Q

Parameters to examine tone of cough:

A

Sharp, dull, barking, rattling, roaring, hoarse

23
Q

Parameters to examine occurrence of cough:

A

during night/mornings, continuously, special environment

24
Q

Parameters to examine duration of cough:

A

short, medium long, long, held

25
Q

Parameters to examine secretion content of cough:

A

Dry, medium wet, wet

26
Q

Parameters to examine deepness of cough:

A

Superficial, deep or medium deep

27
Q

Name different causes for an animal to cough:

A
  1. Larynx paralysis
  2. Tracheitis
  3. Trachea collapse
  4. Lung emphysema
  5. Chronic bronchitis
  6. Pneumonia
  7. Cardiac disease
28
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of larynx paralysis?

A

Deep, long, hars

29
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of tracheitis?

A

Loud, explosive, barking like

30
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of tracheal collapse?

A

Goose honking cough

31
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of lung emphysema?

A

Short, weak, dry

32
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of chronic bronchitis?

A

Short, weak and dry

33
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of pneumonia?

A

Soft

34
Q

What will the cough sound like in case of cardiac disease?

A

Wet, hacking cough

35
Q

How to induce a cough?

A

pressing the tracheal rings or pressing the thorax very rapidly during expiration

36
Q

Characteristics for induced cough:

A

Medium held
unsnapping
medium intensive
medium deep
dry
sharp
painless
does not recur

Small Animal medicine 1 - Oral (45 decks)

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