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Eukaryotic Cell Biology > Introduction to Cell Biology > Flashcards

Introduction to Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What organism has the smallest genome?

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

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2
Q

How many cell types do amoeba have?

A

One

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3
Q

What is a genome?

A

All of the DNA in a cell, made up of functional units called genes

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4
Q

What are the types of tissue found in humans?

A

Muscle, epithelial, nervous, connective tissues and blood

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5
Q

What was the first genetic system on Earth?

A

RNA

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6
Q

What are the single membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes?

A

Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, vacuoles, and lysosomes

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7
Q

What are the double membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes?

A

Nucleus and mitochondria.

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8
Q

What form does genetic information take in prokaryotes?

A

Singular circular chromosomes and plasmids

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9
Q

What form does genetic information take in eukaryotes?

A

Multiple linear chromosomes

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10
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

No

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11
Q

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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12
Q

How big approximately is a prokaryotic cell?

A

1 micrometer in diameter

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13
Q

How big approximately is a eukaryotic cell?

A

10-100 micrometers in diameter

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14
Q

Approximately, how many base pairs do prokaryotic cells have in their DNA?

A

1,000,000-5,000,000bp

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15
Q

Approximately, how many base pairs do eukaryotic cells have in their DNA?

A

15,000,000-5,000,000,000bp

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16
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have organelles?

A

No

17
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have organelles?

A

Yes

18
Q

When is it thought approximately that life on Earth emerged in the form of organic macromolecules?

A

3.8 billion years ago

19
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

Genetic flow of information is unidirectional. DNA is transcribed into RNA. RNA is translated into proteins.

20
Q

How many genes does the human genome consist of?

A

20,000-25,000 genes

21
Q

How many base pairs does the human genome consist of?

A

3000mbp

22
Q

How many genes does the Mycoplasma genitalium genome consist of?

A

530 genes

23
Q

How many base pairs does the Mycoplasma genitalium genome consist of?

A

0.58mbp

24
Q

Who first discovered the idea of cells by studying cork slices under a light microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

25
Q

Robert Hooke discovered the idea of cells by studying cork slices under a light microscope. When was this?

A

1665

26
Q

There are three principles of cell theory.
1. All organisms consist of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic structural unit of all organisms.
3. ?

A

All cells arise from existing cells only.

27
Q

There are three principles of cell theory.
1. All cells arise from existing cells only.
2. All organisms consist of one or more cells.
3. ?

A

The cell is the basic structural unit of all organisms.

28
Q

There are three principles of cell theory.
1. The cell is the basic structural unit of all organisms.
2. All cells arise from existing cells only.
3. ?

A

All organisms consist of one or more cells.

29
Q

What are the five identifying features of cells?

A

Cells are small, enclosed by a membrane, contain an aqueous solution, can self-replicate and divide in two.

30
Q

What are the seven identifying features of an organism?

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.

31
Q

What are the three branches of life that derived from one universal common ancestor?

A

Eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea

32
Q

How many different cell types are there in humans?

A

200

Eukaryotic Cell Biology (15 decks)

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