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Eukaryotic Cell Biology > Cell Junctions > Flashcards

Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

All cells in an organism are bound together by junctions. What is the only exception?

A

Red blood cells

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2
Q

From lowest to highest, what is the order of the levels of cellular organisation?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Tissues
  3. Organs
  4. Organ systems
  5. Organisms
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3
Q

In connective tissues, are cells separated or pressed together?

A

Cells are separated by an extracellular matrix

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4
Q

In epithelial tissues, are cells separated or pressed together?

A

Cells are pressed together

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5
Q

Epithelial sheets connect to one another to form ___ ___ that line cavities and surfaces throughout the body.

A

Epithelial sheets

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6
Q

What are the five types of epithelial sheets?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Stratified
  3. Columnar
  4. Cuboidal
  5. Squamous
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7
Q

Sheets of epithelial cells rest on a thin layer of extracellular matrix called what?

A

The basal lamina

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8
Q

Beneath the basal lamina is loose connective tissue. Connective tissue consists largely of an extracellular matrix, secreted by what?

A

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

Are epithelial sheets polarised or charged?

A

Polarised

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10
Q

What are the two surfaces of epithelial cells and how are they different?

A

The apical surface is free and exposed to the air/a watery fluid.
The basolateral surface is attached to a sheet of connective tissue, the basal lamina

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11
Q

What are the five different types of cell junctions?

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Adherens junctions
  3. Desmosomes
  4. Gap junctions
  5. Hemidesmosomes
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12
Q

What type of cell junction acts as barriers between fluid compartments, and seals the gap between epithelial cells?

A

Tight junctions

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13
Q

What is paracellular transport?

A

The transfer of ions across an epithelium by passing through the intercellular space between cells

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14
Q

What type of junction is the gatekeeper of the paracellular pathway?

A

The tight junction

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15
Q

What is trans cellular transport?

A

The transfer of substances through a cell via vesicles

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16
Q

What are the three transmembrane proteins that form tight junctions?

A
  1. Occludin
  2. Claudin
  3. Junction adhesion molecules
17
Q

Crohn’s disease is characterised by inflammation of the epithelium in intestinal segments due to a reduction of what type of cell junction?

A

Tight junctions

18
Q

What are the three anchoring junctions that provide mechanical strength?

A
  1. Adherens junctions
  2. Hemidesmosomes
  3. Desmosomes
19
Q

What proteins form adherens junctions?

A

Cadherins

20
Q

The homophilic binding of cadherins requires what to be present in the extracellular medium?

A

Calcium

21
Q

What type of cell junctions contain specialised non-classical cadherins?

A

Desmosomes

22
Q

What types of junctions bind to actin filaments?

A

Adherens junctions and tight junctions

23
Q

What types of junctions bind to intermediate filaments, such as keratin?

A

Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

24
Q

Failure of what type of junction can cause diseases of the skin and the heart, such as Pemphigus?

A

Desmosomes

25
Q

Hemidesmosomes do not link adjacent cells. Instead. they anchor cells to the what?

A

To the basal lamina

26
Q

Hemidesmosomes are made up of the transmembrane glycoprotein ___.

A

Integrin

27
Q

Integrins attach to intermediate filaments and what other protein in the basal lamina?

A

Laminin

28
Q

Most cells in animal tissues, such as epithelial, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells, communicate via what type of junctions?

A

Gap junctions

29
Q

What type of protein forms gap junctions?

A

Connexins

30
Q

There are at least __ different human connexion proteins.

A

21

31
Q

How many connexins form a cylinder with an aqueous pore in gap junctions?

A

Six

32
Q

Gap junctions in different tissues can have different permeability and regulation. True or false?

A

True

Eukaryotic Cell Biology (15 decks)

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