principles of chemistry Flashcards
what are the properties of solids
fixed shape and volume
cannot be compressed
what are the properties of liquids
no fixed shape, but take the shape of their container
fixed volume
can flow
cannot be compressed
what are the properties of gas
no fixed shape, but take the shape of their container
do not have a fixed volume, but take up the volume of their container
can flow
can be compressed
properties of solids in terms of particles
have a regular arrangement
are tightly packed, particles are touching each other
vibrate about their position
have strong forces of attraction holding them in position
properties of liquids in terms of particles
have no regular arrangement
are tightly packed, particles are touching each other
move randomly at different speeds
do not move far as they frequently collide with other particles
have weaker forces of attraction compared to solids
properties of gas in terms of particles
have no regular arrangement
move randomly at different speeds, but much faster than liquids
have very weak forces of attraction compared to solids
what is melting
Applying thermal energy to a solid substance will result in it eventually becoming a liquid
what is evaporation
when liquid turns into gas
what is boiling
The process of applying thermal energy to a liquid to obtain a gas is called
what is condensation
turning gas into liquid, by cooling a gas
what is freezing
turning liquid into solid by further cooling the liquid
what is sublimation
from solid to gas
state change in state in terms of kinetic theory
the kinetic energy of the particles determines which state of matter a substance exists in. As the temperature of a substance increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles is increased and this can affect the physical state and properties of the material.
relationship between temp and gas state
As heat is added to the gas, the temperature of the gas increases. This makes each particle move faster and further, but still in random directions. It increases the distance between the particles, so the volume the gas occupies increases as the temperature increases.
relationship between pressure and gas state
In a gas, the particles exert a pressure on the walls (or sides) of any container in which they are held
When you increase the pressure of a gas at a fixed temperature, the volume of the gas decreases
describe and explain diffusion
diffusion is the movement of the particles from the area of high concentration to the area of lower concentration. We describe this as moving down the concentration gradient