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carries class > Sports Massage > Flashcards

Sports Massage Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of athletic massage

A

•Enables athletes to attain their highest potential by accelerating the body’s natural restorative process
•mx reduces chance of injury by eliminating conditions in the soft tissue that are at risk
• when injury occurs, mx helps restore mobility + flexibility to injured mms and reducing recovery time

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2
Q

Adaptive sports mx

A

•sports mx for athletes with disabilities, either development or physical
•requires additional knowledge + training
•mx techs are the Same although may be used at different times
•not only for competitive athletes, these techniques are effective on any active person for assessing + working on soft tissue conditions

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3
Q

The athletic or sports massage therapist should have a thorough understanding of?

A

•Should have a thorough understanding of anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, Biomechanics, massage techniques
•Skeletal system, muscular system, connective tissue and fascia
•circulatory system, nervous system, especially neuromuscular functions
•knowledge of particular sports, which mm groups are used

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4
Q

How to improve strength or endurance

A

To improve strength or endurance, appropriate stress must be applied to overload the system forcing the body to adapt to the heavier load

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5
Q

Pushing strength + endurance past there limits can cause

A

•Increases metabolic waste build up in tissue
•Strains in mm or connective tissue
• inflammation + associated fibrosis
•spasms + pain that restrict movement

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6
Q

☆Benefits + effects of sports massage

A

☆Goal of athletic massage is to enhance athletic performance
☆Performance is regulated by efficiency, precision and freedom with which the athlete is able to move

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7
Q

☆Effects of athletic massage

A

•causes hyperemia
•enhances local venous (veins) + lymph circulation
•reduces mm spasms
•identifies + reduces mm tension
•helps break down mm adhesions
•reduces fibrosis
•helps realign collagen fibers
•encourages better performance
•improves mm flexibility
•identifies+ eliminates stress points
•reduces mm stiffness
•reduces ischemic pain
•helps injuries heal more quickly + stronger
• offers relaxation + recuperation

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8
Q

Techniques of athletic mx

A

•Neuromuscular techniques
•myofascial techniques
•lymph massage
•compression
~deep compression
•deep pressure
•transverse or cross fiber friction
•Deep myofascial
•shaking + jostling
•active jt mvmts

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9
Q

Neuromuscular techs

A

Identify + relieve TPs, reduces tension + hypertonicity in mms

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10
Q

Myofascial techs

A

Address restrictive fascia + adhesions

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11
Q

Lymph massage

A

Enhances fluid mvmt + decreases swelling

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12
Q

Compression

A

Create hyperemia

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13
Q

Deep compression

A

Stretch, broaden + separate mm fibers + release histamines + acetylcholine
~compression used to pre-event + during training, encourages hyperemia

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14
Q

Deep pressure

A

Also called static touch, ischemic compression or TP release
~amount of pressure varies to individuals px threshold + condition of tissue
~if pressure radiates + refers to another area = active TP
~pressure is used on TPs to deactivate them + increase functions to referred area

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15
Q

Transverse or cross fiber friction -> deep myofascial techniques

A

Applied by rubbing across fibers of mm, tendon or ligament
~reduces fibrosis + encourages collagen proliferation
~used during subacute + chronic stages of healing contraindicated during acute stages on healing + inflammation
~used to stretch mms + separate fibers

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16
Q

Shaking + jostling

A

Good way to relieve intensity of deep work, releases tension that can result from manipulations, loosen fascia + improves lymph movement
~important not to overextend any joint (especially knee and elbow)

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17
Q

Active joint movement

A

Active assisted + resisted
PNF
MET

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18
Q

General applications of athletic massage

A

•Event mx
~ pre-event mx
~ intra-event mx
~ post-event mx
•restorative/Training mx
•rehabilitation/treatment mx

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19
Q

Event massage

A

Delivered at site of event, helps athlete prepare or recover from event

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20
Q

Restorative/Training massage

A

During training, helps athlete train harder with fewer injuries

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21
Q

Rehabilitation/ treatment massage

A

During rehabilitation to recover from injury + less chance of reinjury

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22
Q

Pre-event massage

A

•used in addition to proper warm up, ideally given at end of warmup
•10-30 mins
•given 15 mins to 2hrs before event
•goal is fast pace and invigorating, enhances circulation + flexibility in areas going to be used, decrease mm tension

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23
Q

Pre-event massage techniques used

A

Compression, light xff, shaking, jostling, rolling, kneading, ROM+stretching

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24
Q

Intra-event massage

A

•no more than 10-15 mins
•given between events to recover from one activity + prepare for another
•moves blood/lymph back towards heart
•addresses areas of concern, enhances local circulation to area

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25
Q

Intra-event massage techniques used

A

Gliding/kneading, quiet any tension or spasms with position release or METs

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26
Q

Post-event massage

A

•15-30 mins, slow paced
•within 1st hour or 2 hours after events, after athlete has a chance to cool
•goal to “flushing out” by enhancing local fluid mvmt, decrease mm tension + spasm, focus on mms stressed during event

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27
Q

Post-event techs used

A

Light + deep gliding, kneading, compression, jostling, generalized friction, light stretching

28
Q

Training massage

A

Restorative, preventative, maintenance massage

29
Q

Training mx benefits

A

• increase local fluid
• helps identify, address areas of tenderness/restrictions
• locate + deactivate TPs
• increase ROM + flexibility
• makes more intense, frequent workouts possible

30
Q

Training mx applications + effects

A

•initial strokes warm up area + helps locate stresses areas requiring attention
•TPs can be released
•minor fascial restrictions can be decreased
•response + flexibility can be increased
•mm boudness (mm bundles) can be alleviated, so mm contraction/relaxation are more efficient
•breaks down adhesions that might be from old injury
•mx involves all parts of body, concentration on mms used in sport

31
Q

Training mx techniques

A

•Techs vary to each mx
•all techs used in pre/post
•gliding kneading used but less
• joint movements very effective

32
Q

Training mx goals

A

•identify + release hypertonicity/ mm spasms
•Fascial restrictions
•Enhancing or restoring flexibility or ROM

33
Q

tender points

A

•Often located in taut bands in mm body (TPs) or where mm ends + joints the tendon sheath (stress points)
•musculotendinous junction is where many mm fibers terminate, makes it vulnerable to strain, microtrauma, development of adhesions + fibrosis, become tender stress points, also where blood flow is the lowest, fatigue occurs

34
Q

Treating tender points

A

•deep pressure indicate first clue to future problems, early tx can stop an injury before it affects athletes performance
~once identified deactivate TP with ischemic compression, or position release, followed by MET to help return mm to normal resting length
~stress points are treated with compression + XFF, if extensive can be followed by ice
~fascial restrictions treated with myofascial techs

35
Q

Tender points application

A

•some can be deep + intense, does not mean pxful, work within clts px tolerance, discomfort can be apart of tx, help with deep breathing + relaxation techs
•do not persist if mm becomes tighter, could worsen condition or cause an injury

36
Q

Treating tender points should be preformed on days

A

•Where training is light or athlete isn’t training
•Other than the day before event, allow couples days of training before event

37
Q

☆Rehabilitation mx accomplishes

A

•shortens healing time for injuries
•helps reduce swelling and edema
•assists in forming strong/pliable scar tissue
•Maintains or increases ROM
•eliminates splitting in associated mm tissue
•located + deactivates TPs

38
Q

Rehabilitation massage modalities used

A

•lymph mx
•neuromuscular techs
•myofascial techs
•hydrotherapy
•Swedish techs

39
Q

General rules for rehabilitation mx

A

• do not mx injury site directly or stretch tissue during acute stage
•never cause px. Px is a guid. Less px =more gain
•Apply xxf, stretching only after inflammation/swelling has subsided
•when in doubt don’t
~refer to someone else who knows tx mx, or gain knowledge and understanding before tx
•Mx should only be given by properly trained therapist + with physicians approval

40
Q

Benefits of rehabilitation mx

A

•reduces swelling + px
•increases rate of healing
•reduces scar tissue production
•improves quality of healed tissue
•reduces fibrosis
•nearly eliminates transverse adhesions

41
Q

Athletic injuries

A

•Athletic bodies are continously exposed to stress, fatigue, sometimes microtraumas or serious injuries
•Most injuries caused by trauma (contact or fall) or from repeated stresses to an area of the body
~ usually a result from over training, fatigue, poor tissue integrity, muscular weakness, imbalance or Biomechanical deviation

42
Q

Traumatic injuries are often

A

•Broken bones
•Dislocated joints
•Torn ligaments

43
Q

Categories of athletic injuries

A

•Chronic injury
•Acute injuries
•Strains
•Sprains

44
Q

Grade 1 strain

A

Mild strain
~severe over stretching of fibrosis tissue with little to no damage
~full ROM + strength

45
Q

Grade 2 strain

A

Moderate to severe pain
~some tearing of fibrosis tissue, swelling, possible discoloration
~reduced ROM + strength

46
Q

Grade 3 strain

A

There will be immediate pain
~severe or complete tissue rupture
~extensive swelling + tissue deformity
~no ROM + Strength

47
Q

Stages of healing- Acute

A

•First 24-72 hours after incident
•Direct mx is contraindicated, prompt first aid reduces secondary injury (from swelling) using PRICE

48
Q

Acute treatment

A

Inflammation stage
~Control + reduce swelling -lymph mx

49
Q

Stages of healing- Subacute

A

Generative stage
~after 2-3 day rest
~collagen fibers begin mending damage in tissue

50
Q

Subacute tx

A

Generative stage
~reduce residual swelling- lymph mx

51
Q

Contrast therapy

A

Used to increase circulation mx is gentle myofascial techs. Gentle xff, px free ROM exercises do not want to aggravate injury or damage healing tissue

52
Q

Remodeling- maturation stage

A

•healing tissue well on way to recovery

53
Q

Remodeling- maturation stage tx

A

•Ice pack or ice mx followed by deep work to minimize inflammation
•Myofascial tech around + at injury site
•Neuromuscular tech on associated/Compensating structers to relieve tension
•Treat TPs or myofascial restrictions

54
Q

Result from Chronic injuries

A

Has a gradual onset, tends to last a long time or recurs often, usually the result of repetitive/stressful activity
~sometimes labeled as overuse syndrome

55
Q

chronic injuries causes

A

Microtears, which in turn causes local, low grade inflammation, can lead to taut bands, reduced circulation, pain, dysfunction

56
Q

Techniques used for chronic injuries

A

•Myofascial to reduce adhesions + fascial restrictions
•Cross friction
•Neuromuscular to reduce TPs + mm tension
•Hydrotherapy (heat soften mms, cold to reduce local inflammation)
•Swedish mm moments to increase circulation, promote relaxation, treat Compensating structers

57
Q

Connective tissue connects

A

•Mm to tendons
•Tendons to bones
•Bones to bones

58
Q

Layers of fascia- Epimysium

A

Covers individual mm

59
Q

Layers of fascia- perimysium

A

Separates the mm bundles (fascicles)

60
Q

Layers of fascia- Endomysium

A

Covers each mm fiber

61
Q

Layers of fascia- Sacrolemma

A

(Cell wall) and endomysium intimately connected + act as a unit so when the mm fibers contract + shortens, the fascia covering moves right along with it

62
Q

Cause of fascia injury

A

Overstretching and breaking of collagen fibers

63
Q

Healing process

A

•Cell damage initiates infam
•Swelling occurs to immobilized the area + brings leukocytes (white blood cells) + fibroblasts (building collagen fiber/scar tissue)- negative effects, creates pressure on tissue, causing further damage
•Coagen fibers that extend in random directions are laid down, reconnecting tissue, this forms scar tissue
~ criss cross formation forms undesirable adhesions between the layers of fascia that can restrict mobility/flexibility + greater chance of re-injury

64
Q

Why we treat with PRICE

A

•Greatly reduces swelling, which the space between the ends of injuries mms + connective tissue layers are minimized
•As tissue heals, proper therapy including mx encourages new fibers to form along appropriate lines of stress.
•Properly applied transverse friction + gentle stretching produce strong pliable tissue at the same time Breaks down unwanted interfiber cross-links + adhesions

65
Q

Contraindicated rehabilitation mx

A

Unless advised by an athletes physician, athletic mx is CI:
~abnormal conditions
~acute injury
~ilness + disease

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