Understanding Compression Syndroms Of Peripheral Nerves

Question 1

Definition compression syndromes of peripheral nerves

Answer 1

Also known as neuropraxia- compression or entrapment injuries that cause a conduction block in peripheral nerve but no damage to axon or to tissue distal to lesion

Question 2

Causes

Answer 2

External- casting (crutches, tourniquet, back strap)
Internal-HT mms- due to TP’s or postural imbalances
-structural abnormalities-cervical rib or bony callus at fracture site
-trauma or overuse- lead to edema/scar tissue
-poor positioning of limb- sleeping, during surgery
-Systemic conditions- pregnancy, hypothyroidism, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 3

Symptom picture

Answer 3

-numbness, weakness, tingling, pain in affected limb due to ischemia + compression
-inflammation- increase in vascular permeability + edema impair nerve transmission (foot/ hand “falls asleep”)
-first numbness, tingling, followed by anesthesia + paralysis. Oxygen + local neural conduction impaired. Pressure released > sensation returns + mm strength > Dysfunction rapidly reversible

Question 4

Extent of damage aslo influenced by

Answer 4

-Location, structure of the nerve, size of endoneurium (less, increase risk of damage)