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Mbb231 > interaction between cells > Flashcards

interaction between cells Flashcards

1
Q

5 main tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve
blood

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2
Q

why don’t we fall apart into single cell

A

cell adhesion molecules

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3
Q

PLasma membrane

A

boundary of cell
divider living and non-living cell

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4
Q

extracellular matrix

A

organized netork of secreted molecules providing scaffolding for the cell and surrounding tissue

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5
Q

ECM function

A

1- determine cell shape
2- physical support for cell
3- regulatory role in cell signalling

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6
Q

three types of ECM

A

1- bone
2- cartilage
3- connective tissue

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7
Q

Bone

A

small number of interspered cellls

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8
Q

cartilage

A

cells in flexible ECM

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9
Q

connective tissue

A

gelatinous ECM surrounding blood vessel and glands

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10
Q

collagen/elastin

A

provide strength and flexibility

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11
Q

proteog;ycans

A

hydrated matrix

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12
Q

fibronectin/laminis

A

adhesive/conncective glycoproteins

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13
Q

collagen

A

most abundant protein
form fibers with high tensile strength

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14
Q

collagen is secreted by

A

cells in connective tissue

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15
Q

collagens are

A

trimer
triple helix of alpha chains

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16
Q

collagens are very rich in

A

1- glycine: tightness of triple helix allow only small AA like glycine to fit in
2-proline and lysine: these are hydroxylated which increase the #HB

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17
Q

collagen fibers

A

Fibril is made of many collagen molecules
fibersare very strong and composed of numerous fibrils

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18
Q

in lumen of ER,three aplha chain form a triple helix

A

procollagen

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19
Q

when procollagen secreted out of the cell,

A

its cleaved by procollagen peptidase to remove both ends of the molecule
resulting collagen will spontaneously associate into fibrils and then fibers

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20
Q

HB between hydroxylated residues

A

within and between collagen molecules

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21
Q

Elasticity

A

provided for ECM by stretchable elastic fibres composed of elastin

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22
Q

elastins

A

rich in glycine and proline
cross-linked by covalent bonds between lysine

23
Q

tension cause

A

overall network to stretch

24
Q

relaxation cause

A

Individual molecules to relax to less-extended conformation

25
Q

with time elastins are lost examples?

A

wrinkling
less flexible joints

26
Q

collagen and elastin are in a gel-like network of —-

A

proteoglycans

27
Q

proteoglycans

A

glycoproteins with lot of glycosaminoglycans

28
Q

GAGs

A

large carbohydrates with repeating disaccharide unit

29
Q

presence – and — attract cations wich bind water

A

charged sulphate
carboxyl groups
therefore, create hydrated matrix

30
Q

most gags in ECM are

A

covalently bind to protein

31
Q

fibronectin

A

5-6 functional unit
Two very large polypeptide subunit linked by c-terminus by disulfide bond
functional units bind numerous component of ECM, and also recptors on the cell surface (integrins)

32
Q

RGD

A

cell binding domain

33
Q

Laminins

A

family of proteins with three subunits linked by disulfide bonds
-multiple domains binding sites for collagen, proteoglycans and other receptor
–found mainly in basal lamina

34
Q

Basal lamina

A

part of ecm
separating epithelial from connective tissues

35
Q

Integrins

A

integrate extra and intra cellular environments

36
Q

integrin component

A

two large transmembrane polypeptide
alpha and betta which are non-covalently linked to each other

37
Q

integrin family is diverse consist of

A

18 alpha
8 betta

38
Q

integrin bent conformation

A

inactive state
can’t bind a ligand

39
Q

integrin upright conformation

A

active state
ligand can bind

40
Q

intracellular domain bind proteins like Talin which

A

separates alpha and betta chain and activate integrin

41
Q

ligand binding happens in —

A

cleft between alpha and betta chain

42
Q

integrin functions

A

1- adhesion
2- signal transduction

43
Q

inside-out signalling

A

induce integrin clustering which effect ECM binding

44
Q

outside-in signalling

A

act as receptors that activate intracellular signalling

45
Q

outside-in signalling example

A

anchorage-dependent growth

46
Q

anchorage-dependent growth

A

most cells to grow, must be attatched to substratum, if cannot, they will stop dividing

47
Q

attachment cell to substratum happen at sites called

A

focal adhesion

48
Q

connection to actin microfilaments in focal adhesion happens via

A

linker proteins
talin, vinculin, alpha-actinin

49
Q

HEmidesmosomes

A

tighest attachments between a cell and its ECM

50
Q

hemidesmosomes found in

A

epithelial cells, contain integrin and attach cell to substrate like basal lamina

51
Q

in hemidesmosomes, integrins are

A

connected to intermediate filament called keratin

52
Q

integrin is connected to cytoskeleton via

A

hemidesmosomones forming a dense plaque with plectin

53
Q
A

Mbb231 (19 decks)

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