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MICRO FINAL EXAM > Ch. 24: Microbial Diseases of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 24: Microbial Diseases of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary cause of respiratory infections or follow a viral infection

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

What is streptococcus pyogens

A

streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat); scarlet fever
(β-hemolytic strep —> S. pyogenes)

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3
Q

What are the upper respiratory tract infections?

A

-streptococcal; pharyngitis
-scarlet fever
-Diphtheria

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4
Q

What is scarlet fever

A

-erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenized S. Pyogenes
-causes pinkish-red skin rash & fever

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5
Q

Is diphtheria uniform in shape?

A

No

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6
Q

What is corynebacterium diphtheria

A

Gram-positive, club-shaped rods/ pleomorphic; diphtheria; toxin producer; DTaP vaccine

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7
Q

What is streptococcal pharyngitis resistant to

A

-streptokinases lyse clots
-streptolysins are cytotoxic

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8
Q

How does the Diphtheria disease spread

A

begins with a sore throat & fever; spread by droplet transmission

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9
Q

In diphtheria what membrane forms

A

pseudomembrane

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10
Q

What is the pseudomembrane

A

tough, grayish membrane in the throat that can restrict airflow

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11
Q

What is a toxin producer

A

toxin circulates in the bloodstream, and interferes with protein synthesis

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12
Q

What immunization has limited Diphtheria cases to <5/year

A

DTaP vaccine

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13
Q

Diphtheria is what type of disease

A

cutaneous (infects the skin)

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14
Q

What are the lower respiratory tract diseases

A

streptococcus pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, Bordetella pertusis

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15
Q

What is pneumonia

A

a disease, not a specific infection, caused by many types of microbes

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16
Q

What is streptococcus pneumonia (α-hemolytic)

A

typically a secondary infection

17
Q

How is streptococcus pneumonia spread

A

airborne droplets

18
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia has a capsule that prevents what

A

phagocytosis

19
Q

Where does streptococcus pneumonia proliferate

A

alveolar spaces (like the bronchi; fluid build-up occurs)

20
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia can spread to what

A

bloodstream & brain (meningitis)

21
Q

What is the vaccine for streptococcus pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)

22
Q

What is legionella pneumophila

A

gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic bacillus with a single, polar flagellum

23
Q

Where is legionella pneumophila found

A

In fresh water

24
Q

What type of parasite is legionella pneumophila

A

intracellular parasite invades and replicates amoeba in the environment (ubiquitous in nature)

25
Q

In humans, L pneumophila invades and replicates inside what

A

macrophages via invasins

26
Q

what is the the human infection of Legionella pneumophila

A

Inhalation of aerosols provided by cooling towers, air conditioners, hot tubs

27
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of legionnaires disease

A

cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, headaches; may have nausea & vomiting

28
Q

What is the diagnosis of legionnaires disease

A

urinary antigen test & sputum culture

29
Q

What is the prevention of legionella pneumophila

A

good maintenance of water systems

30
Q

What is then treatment of legionnaires disease

A

with antibiotics

31
Q

What is Bordetella pertussis

A

aerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus

32
Q

What does the Bordetella pertussis inhibit

A

the mucociliary escalator by binding to lung ciliated cells in the trachea, then progressively destroying them

33
Q

What is the virulence factors of Bordetella pertusis

A

capsule; toxins

34
Q

what is pertussis toxin

A

enters blood, results in systemic symptoms of disease

35
Q

What is the catarrhal stage in Bordetella pertussis

A

resembles common cold

36
Q

What is the paroxysmal stage

A

violent coughing; gasping for air; 1-6 weeks

37
Q

What is the convalescence stage

A

months

38
Q

What is the vaccine for Bordetella pertussis

A

DTaP vaccine

MICRO FINAL EXAM (9 decks)

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