symptoms of heart disease

Question 1

ventricular septal defect [VSD]

Answer 1

most common
volume of right ventricle increase
pulmonary hypertension
ventricular dysfunction
risk of arrhythmia

Question 2

arterial septal defect [asd]

Answer 2

pneumonia
exercise intolerance
no auto closing

Question 3

aortic stenosis

Answer 3

common valvular disease that lead to left ventricular flow obstruction

Question 4

pulmonary stenosis

Answer 4

disease in which pulmonary valve hardens and its flow is disturbed

Question 5

acquired heart diseases

Answer 5

coronary artery disease
hypertensive heart disease
cardiomyopathies
metabolic heart diseases
peripheral artery disease

Question 6

coronary artery disease

Answer 6

condition in which there is insufficient blood and oxygen supply in myocardium

Question 7

hypertensive heart disease

Answer 7

repeated measurement of arterial blood pressure higher than 140/90mmHg

Question 8

cardiomyopathies

Answer 8

group of disease of myocardium associated with
dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive
idiopathic

Question 9

metabolic heart diseases

Answer 9

diseases characterized by
insulin resistance
glucose intolerance
dyslipidemia
hypertension
obesity

Question 10

metabolic heart diseases can cause

Answer 10

coronary artery disease
stroke

Question 11

peripheral artery disease

Answer 11

chronic and progressive disruptive of artery blood circulation of lower extremities due to systemic atherosclerosis

Question 12

heart failure according to starting of symptoms

Answer 12

chronic
acute

Question 13

heart failure according to amount of cardiac output

Answer 13

high rate
low rate

Question 14

HF according to ventricle involved

Answer 14

right
left

Question 15

symptoms of HF

Answer 15

syncope
palpitations
dyspnea
cyanosis*
angina pectoris
edema
Raynaud’s phenomenon*
nocturnal
cough
insomnia
fatigue

Question 16

syncope

Answer 16

temporary loss of consciousness

Question 17

types of syncope

Answer 17

reflex
orthostatic
cardiac

Question 18

palpitation

Answer 18

sensation of movements

Question 19

what we observe with palpitation

Answer 19

arrhythmia
HF
MI
heart valve disease

Question 19

dyspnea

Answer 19

shortness of breath

Question 20

what causes dyspnea

Answer 20

tightness in chest
air starvation

Question 21

orthopnea

Answer 21

shortness of breath in supine position

Question 22

orthopnea is due to

Answer 22

advance heart failure
pulmonary edema

Question 23

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea [PND]

Answer 23

feeling of shortness of breath that wakes the patients after 1 or 2 hours of sleep and relaxes in an upright position
-interstitial pulmonary edema

Question 24

cyanosis

Answer 24

abnormal bluish discoloration

Question 25

types of cyanosis

Answer 25

central
peripheral

Question 26

central cyanosis

Answer 26

arterial desaturation
skin
mucous membranes
nail beds
lips
tongue

Question 27

peripheral cyanosis

Answer 27

when oxygen intake decrease in peripheral tissues
for extremities only

Question 28

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 28

whitening due to arterial vasocontraction
pain and numbness

Question 29

clubbing

Answer 29

thickening of the base of the fingers

Question 30

angina pectoralis

Answer 30

chest pain
pain or burning
may radiates from arms downward to the neck jaw and back

Question 31

intermittent claudication

Answer 31

lower extremities pain that occurs with exercises and pass with rest
this is an important symptom of chronic arterial insufficiency

Question 32

contraindication for cardiac rehabilitation

Answer 32

unstable angina pectorals
orthostatic hypotension
critical aortic stenosis
acute systemic disease or fever
uncompensated HF
new embolism
uncontrolled diabetes

Question 33

what do we assess with chest pain

Answer 33

ischemic cardiac
non ischemic
non cardiac [esophageal]

Question 34

types of ischemic cardiac diseases

Answer 34

stable angina and unstable angina

Question 35

stable angina

Answer 35

occurs slowly
with activities or stress
quickly disappear with rest and use of drug

Question 36

unstable angina

Answer 36

occurs suddenly
no apparent reason
progressively worsen
show severe coronary diseases
early sign of acute MI

Question 37

dyspnea scale

Answer 37

borg scale/angina scale

Question 38

where heart rate is palpated

Answer 38

radial
brachial
temporary
carotid
posterior tibial
femoral artery

Question 39

hole formed in edema patients is called

Answer 39

Gode symptom

Question 40

Homans symptom

Answer 40

deep venous thrombosis
calf pain with dorsiflexion

Question 41

capillary filling test

Answer 41

circulation adequacy

Question 42

ECG results for acute MI

Answer 42

• ST segment elevation
  -ST segment depression
• inverse T wave
  -formation of new Q wave

Question 43

Holter ECG

Answer 43

for monitoring arrhythmia

Question 44

Echocardiography test

Answer 44

condition of heart valve

Question 45

ways that cardiopulmonary exercise test can be applied

Answer 45

bicycle ergometer
arm ergometer
treadmill

Question 46

field tests

Answer 46

6 minutes walking tests
stair climbing test.
shuttle walking test

Question 47

what do we assess in 6MWT

Answer 47

functional capacity
exercise tolerance
congestive heart failure

Question 48

uses of stair climbing test

Answer 48

post op risk assessment for thoracic surgery patients

Question 49

shuttle walking test

Answer 49

incremental shuttle walking test= symptoms limited maximal exercise test