Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

Question 1

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 1

arterial disease characterized by thickening and loss of flexibility

Question 2

atherosclerosis plaques

Answer 2

atheromatous
ulcerated

Question 3

atheromatous plaque

Answer 3

white/yellow
elevated from intima vessel

Question 4

ulcerated plaque

Answer 4

red-brown color
due to thrombus accumulation

Question 5

modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis

Answer 5

hyperlipidemia,
hypertension
smoking
diabetes mellitus

Question 6

additional risk factors of atherosclerosis include

Answer 6

inflammation
metabolic syndrome
factors affecting hemostasis
lack of exercise
stress
obesity

Question 7

non modifiable atherosclerosis factors

Answer 7

age
gender
genetics

Question 8

diagnosis of atherosclerosis

Answer 8

angiography
doppler ultrasound

Question 9

results of atherosclerosis

Answer 9

**severely narrow or completely block of artery
**M.I or stroke

Question 10

clinical consequences of atherosclerosis include

Answer 10

**plaque rupture and erosion
**thrombus formation
**vasoconstriction
**aneurysm

Question 11

Coronary artery disease

Answer 11

progressive disease that occur with a decrease in coronary blood flow at rest or during exertion.

Question 12

controllable risk factors for coronary artery disease

Answer 12

**high cholesterol
**diabetes
**high blood pressure
**smoking
**obesity

Question 13

uncontrollable risk factors for coronary artery disease

Answer 13

menopause
age
family history of CAD
male gender

Question 14

diagnosis of CAD

Answer 14

first step tests
invasive tests

Question 15

first step tests

Answer 15

**biochemical laboratory test
**electrocardiography and ambulatory monitoring
**Endocardiography

Question 16

invasive test

Answer 16

interventional coronary angiography only when noninvasive are inconclusive.

Question 17

treatments

Answer 17

*Lifestyle management
*Revascularization surgeries
**Percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]
**Coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]

Question 18

PCI

Answer 18

minimally invasive
improve blood flow
include balloon angioplasty and intracoronary stent

Question 19

CABG

Answer 19

**one or more graft bridge
**saphenous vein most preferred vein graft
**internal thoracic and radial arteries are preferred arterial graft

Question 20

cardiac rehabilitation

Answer 20

has three phases
**perioperative phase
**outpatient phase
**post rehabilitation maintenance phase

Question 21

Laboratory tests

Answer 21

Complete blood count
Fasting glucose level
Thyroid hormones
Creatine level

Question 22

Sign of ischemia

Answer 22

Ecg ST segment depression