metals and metal extraction Flashcards

1
Q

why can metals conduct electricity and non metals dont

A

because metalic bonding consists of the attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocolised electrons, meaning they are free to move carrying charge. As for non metals, there are no free electrons so they cant conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do metals have high boiling or melting points and non metals have low

A

As the metallic lattice is held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, a lot of energy is needed to separate the metal atoms to melt or boil the metal. Therefore, metals have high melting points and boiling points.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are metals malleable

A

When a force is applied to the metal, the layers of the metal ions, with their delocalised electrons, are able to move and slide past the other layers. This prevents the metal structure from breaking; instead, it bends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe properties of transition metals

A

high melting points, high densities, form coloured compounds and often act as catalysts as elements and in compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is produced when metals react with dilute acid

A

salt and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe metallic bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between positive ions in a giant metallic lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are alloys

A

Alloys are a mixture of a metal and another element. They tend to be stronger and harder than pure metals and are therefore much more useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

brass is an alloy and is a mixture of what?

A

copper and zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stainless steal is an alloy and is a mixture of what?

A

iron and other elements such as, chromium, nickel and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why are alloys stronger than pure metals

A

because they have different sized atoms in alloys meaning the layers can no longer slide over each other meaning they are also non malleable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is stainless steal used for

A

in cutlery because of its hardness and resistence to rusting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

a reaction in which both reduction and oxidation happen, involved in the loss and gain of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is oxidation

A

gain of oxygen and loss of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is reduction

A

loss of oxygen and gain of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an oxidising agent

A

A substance which oxidises another substance and itself is reduced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

A substance which reduces another substance and itself is oxidised.

17
Q

what are the oxidiation rules

A

1- all elements in uncomined state have oxidation=0
2. oxidation number for a monoatomic ion is the same as the charge of the ion eg CL- = -1
3. sum of oxidation numbers in a compound is 0 eg. CuO, cu= 2+ and o= 2-

18
Q

what happens when you add potassium iodide to a solution and why

A

it turns brown, Iodide ions changing to iodine is a redox reaction

19
Q

what happens when you add potassium manganate to solution and why

A

The potassium manganate(VII) solution turns form purple to pale pink, because manganese is reduced as it gains electrons

20
Q

explain the trend between reactivity of metals and how they are extracted from their ores

A

gold and silver are found naturally, copper you must burn with air, less reactive than carbon you can extract by reacting them with carbon, more reactive than carbon use electrolysis

21
Q

what are the steps to obtain iron from hematite in the blast furnace

A
  • burn carbon/ coke to provide heat and produce co2
    -reduce carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide
    -then iron (iii) oxide is reduced by carbonmonoxide
    -the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate/ limestone to produce calcium oxide
    -the formation of slag
22
Q

what is the main ore of aluminium and how is it extracted

A

bauxite, using electrolysis

23
Q

state the symbol equation present in the blast furnace

A

1- c + o2 -> co2
2- c + co2 -> 2CO
3- Fe2O3 +3CO -> 2Fe +3CO2
4-CaCO3 -> CaO +CO2
5-Cao + SiO -> CaSiO3

24
Q

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide →
and write in symbol

A

sodium chloride + water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

25
Q

combustion of ethanol: equation both

A

ethanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O

26
Q
A