drugs and ntm Flashcards
1
Q
heroin
A
- opiates activate the opiate receptors and the release of inhibitory ntm stops: dopamine is released
- heroin mimics natural opiates =floods of dopamine, feelings of sedation
- opiate receptors: natural pain killers
2
Q
marijuana
A
- cannaboid receptors turn off the release of inhibitory ntm (activated by the body’s own native cannabinoid=anandamide)
- THC (active chemical in marijuana) mimics anandamide to cannboid receptors and allow for dopamine to be released
- short term memory removed, slows movement
3
Q
LSD
A
- acts exclusively on seretonin neurons (LSD chemically resembles serotonin and binds to its receptors)
- LSD can inhibit or excite them, excites the locus coeruleus (evoke startle response)
4
Q
why doesn’t anandamide cause a high
A
it breaks down quickly in the body
5
Q
alcohol
A
- interacts with GABA to increase inhibitory response, binds to glutamate receptors to prevent them from exciting the cell
- affects memory formation, and decision making
6
Q
ectsasy
A
- mimics serotonin
- taken up by serotonin transporter more readily than serotonin
- alters the transporter, as it does its job in reverse and serotonin is then transported outside of the cell (leading to it to overstimulate receptors when it binds)
7
Q
cocaine
A
- blocks dopamine transporters leaving dopamine trapped in synapse, consequently, dopamine binds over and over again to the receptors (causing overstimulation)
8
Q
meth
A
- mimics dopamine, taken into cell by dopamine transporters and enters the dopamine vesicles forcing dopamine out
- excess dopamine: pumped out of the cell into the synapse where it binds to receptors over again: overstimulation
- works directly on brains reward pathway: increase pleasure
9
Q
what is the locus coeruleus
A
modulate arousal states and adaptive behavior,
10
Q
dopamine
A
- NTM associated with pleasure and satisfaction
11
Q
serotonin
A
- well being and happiness
-regulates sleep cycle with melatonin - regulate intestinal movements
12
Q
GABA
A
- major inhibitory ntm of the brain, calms firing nerves in CNS
- increases levels= high focus and relaxation
- low levels: anxiety
- CALMNESS
13
Q
acetylcholine
A
- muscle memory
- LEARNING
- contraction of muscles and focuses on thought, learning and memory
14
Q
endorphins
A
- released in the brain during exercise, excitement, pain, etc
- produce feelings of well-being/euphoria
15
Q
epinephrine
A
- hormone produced in high stress/ exciting situations, increased heart rate, contracts blood vessels, dilates airways
-fight or flight - AWARENESS
