memory

Question 1

memory locations in the brain

Answer 1

frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum, basil ganglia, amygdala

Question 2

model for processing info

Answer 2

encoding, storage, retreival

Question 3

Connectionism model

Answer 3

memories are products of connected neural networks meaning, learning something new creates changes in those neural networks forming and strengthening pathways, allowing for interaction and additional learning from the environment

Question 4

three stage processing model

Answer 4

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

Question 5

sensory memory

Answer 5

the recording of info that is to be remembered (super short; a fraction of a second to a couple seconds)

Question 6

short term memory

Answer 6

processing of info through rehearsal (about 30 seconds)

Question 7

long term memory

Answer 7

where information moves for later retrieval (can last a lifetime)

Question 8

working memory

Answer 8

a combination of components (including short term memory and attention) that allow us to temporality complete cognitive tasks

Question 9

Phonological loop

Answer 9

speech based information about sounds of language

Question 10

visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 10

our ability to temporarily hold visual and spatial information

(location of a parked car, route to a grocery store)

Question 11

central executive

Answer 11

integration of information from long term memory, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad.

Question 12

explicit/declarative memories

Answer 12

memories of facts/experiences that we can consciously know and declare

Question 13

effortful processing

Answer 13

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 14

implicit/nondeclarative memories

Answer 14

memories that are independent of conscious recollection

Question 15

automatic processing

Answer 15

unconscious coding of incidental information

Question 16

iconic memory

Answer 16

sensory memory of a visual lasting no longer than a tenths of a seconds

Question 17

echoic memory

Answer 17

sensory memory of an audio- recall sounds and words within 3 or 4 seconds

Question 18

chunking

Answer 18

organizing into units

Question 19

mnemonics

Answer 19

memory devices

Question 20

hierarchies

Answer 20

divison and subdivision

Question 21

distributed practice

Answer 21

practicing over time

Question 22

spacing effect

Answer 22

encoding distributed over time = increased retention

Question 23

testing effect

Answer 23

repeated self testing helps to distribute the practice

Question 24

shallow processing

Answer 24

encoding on a basic level based on structure/appearance of words or of their sounds

Question 25

deep processing

Answer 25

this yields the best retention- essentially encoding semantically based on the meaning of words

Question 26

left frontal lobe

Answer 26

memory stuff like recalling a password

Question 27

right frontal lobe

Answer 27

memory stuff like a visual from a party

Question 28

Hippocampus

Answer 28

“save button” for explicit memories

Question 29

infantile amnesia

Answer 29

lack of memory from early years of life

Question 30

cerebellum

Answer 30

key roll in forming or storing implicit memories that are formed by classical conditioning

Question 31

basal ganglia

Answer 31

procedural memories (like riding a bike)

Question 32

amygdala

Answer 32

provoked when stressed

Question 33

flashbulb memories

Answer 33

memories effected by emotional state- like a flash of a memory

Question 34

synaptic changes

Answer 34

serotonin is released into certain synapses during learning for transmission efficiency

Question 35

long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 35

an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation (believed to be a neural basis for learning & memory)

Question 36

recall

Answer 36

Retrieval of information that you are not consciously aware of, but that you have learned

Question 37

Recognition

Answer 37

identifying items that have previously been learned

Question 38

relearning

Answer 38

learning something quicker the second time

Question 39

priming

Answer 39

the activation/particular associations in memory

Question 40

context-dependent memory

Answer 40

recreating content to prime memory retrieval (external state ie; where you were, what you were listening to)

Question 41

state-dependent memory

Answer 41

Retrieval is better when the state is recreated (internal state ie; mood)

Question 42

anterograde amnesia

Answer 42

inability to form new memories (automatic processing remains in tact)

Question 43

retrograde amnesia

Answer 43

inability to retrieve information from someones past

Question 44

ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve

Answer 44

graph showing how we lose information over time

Question 45

tip of tongue forgetting

Answer 45

Retrieval coming from long term memory that is interrupted (often requires a retrieval que)

Question 46

proactive interference

Answer 46

disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information (old memories messing with new memories)

Question 47

retroactive interference

Answer 47

disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information (new memories messing with old memories)

Question 48

positive transfer

Answer 48

previously learned information often facilitates learning of new information

Question 49

motivated forgetting

Answer 49

we filter, alter, or loose much of our processed information -info might be intact, but not retrievable

Question 50

repression

Answer 50

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness

Question 51

Misinformation effect

Answer 51

incorporating misleading information into someones memory of an event

Question 52

imagination inflation

Answer 52

imagining a false memory based on altered photographs

Question 53

source amnesia/misattribution

Answer 53

crediting an event we have experienced, hear about, read about, or imagined to an incorrect source