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AP psych > social psych > Flashcards

social psych Flashcards

1
Q

earliest social psych experiments

A

before the 1900s

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2
Q

year of the first social psychology textbooks

A

1908

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3
Q

“the father of social psychology”

A

Kurt Lewin

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4
Q

cognitive dissonance (Leon festinger)

A

a conflicting situation where discomfort is produced when ones actions does not reflect their personal beliefs. this results in changes of behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes in order to restore balance

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5
Q

social cognition

A

how our knowledge of our social worlds develops through experience and how those knowledge structures influence memory (info processing, attitudes, judgement)

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6
Q

things that impact social behavior

A

individual characteristics, personality traits, desires, motivations, emotions

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7
Q

social situation

A

-the people you interact with everyday. friends, family, religous groups, people on TV, people we read about, people we think about, ect.

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8
Q

social influence

A

the process through which other people change our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and through which we change theirs.

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9
Q

person-situation interaction formula (kurt lewin)

A

B(behavior) = f(P(internal factors)E(external factors)

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10
Q

characteristics of newborns

A

recognize faces & respond to human voices

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11
Q

characteristics of young children

A

learn language, develop friendships with other children

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12
Q

characteristics of adolescence

A

start to become interested in “other relationships”

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13
Q

characteristic of most adults

A

partner up and have children

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14
Q

characteristic of most people

A

get along with others

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15
Q

skills of our genetic code

A

make judgements, help others, and enjoy working together in social groups

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16
Q

evolutionary adaptation

A

the assumption that human nature and much of our social behavior stems largely from our evolutionary past

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17
Q

fitness

A

how much having a given characteristic helps an organism survive/reproduce at a higher rate than others who do not have the characteristic

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18
Q

self-concern (motivation)

A

the motivation to protect and enhance the self and people who are close to us

(food and water, protection)

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19
Q

other-concern (motivation)

A

the motivation to affiliate with, accept, and be accepted by others

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20
Q

Kin selection (self-concern)

A

strategies that favor the reproductive success of relatives, even if it is at the cost of the individuals survival

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21
Q

ingroup (self-concern)

A

those whom we view as being similar and important to us and whom we share close social connections

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22
Q

the fundamental goal of affiliating ourselves with other people

A

finding a romantic partner to have children with

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23
Q

the reason humans generally behave morally to eachother

A

they understand that it is wrong to harm other people and it is important to display compassion and altruism

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24
Q

socially disapproved actions

A

negative behaviors (bullying, cheating, aggression, stealing)

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25
Q

the fundamental motivation of other concern means…

A

hostility and violence are the exception of human behavior, rather than the rule.

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26
Q

internal attribution causes

A

specific to the person

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27
Q

external attribution causes

A

social, luck, weather, ect.

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28
Q

unstable attribution causes

A

temporary influence

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28
Q

stable attribution causes

A

enduring/permanent

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28
Q

controllable/uncontrollable attribution causes

A

power over some things but not others

29
Q

Actor (attribution)

A

the person producing a behavior

30
Q

observer (attribution)

A

person observing a behavior

31
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

an overestimation of the importance of external factors when seeking an explanation of an “actors” behavior

32
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

matching a person and a stereotype/physical characteristic rather than available reliable information

33
Q

false consensus effect

A

tendency to overvalue the prevalence of ones own beleifs, values, and behaviors

34
Q

self esteem

A

the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves

35
Q

positive illusions

A

positive views of self that are not necessarily rooted in reality

36
Q

self serving bias

A

tendency to take credit for successes and deny failures

37
Q

self objectification

A

tendency to see self as an object in others eyes

38
Q

Stereotype threat

A

fast acting fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype of a group

39
Q

social comparison

A

evaluation of self in comparison to others (thoughts, behaviors, abilities)

40
Q

circumstances where attitude can predict behavior

A

if its strong, rehearsed and practiced, or if its about an issue with direct implications for the persons life

41
Q

self perception theory (bem)

A

we make inferences about our attitudes by perceiving our behaviors

42
Q

self persuasion

A

people are not coerced, they choose it themselves through self persuasion

43
Q

communicator (speaker) in terms of persuasion

A

traits and characteristics

44
Q

medium (text) in terms of persuasion

A

matched to the audience

45
Q

target (audience) in terms of persuasion

A

demographics, strength, attitude

46
Q

message (subject) in terms of persuasion

A

rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos)

47
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

central & peripheral routes

48
Q

central route (ELM)

A

engage the audience thoughtfully with sound, logical arguments

49
Q

Peripheral route (ELM)

A

engage the audience through personal appeal, emotion, and on occasion trickery.

50
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish interest in helping others in order to benefit them

51
Q

egoism

A

helping someone else for personal gain

52
Q

prosocial behavior

A

helping others (influenced by media, empathy, personality, mood)

53
Q

antisocial behavior

A

Negatively impacting society/others

54
Q

biological agression influences

A

limbic system, frontal lobe, serotonin, hormones, ect.

55
Q

psychological agression influences

A

personality, aggressive thoughts, observational learning

56
Q

conformity

A

a change in behavior to fit more closely with the standards of a group

57
Q

Psychological conformity factors

A

influence because we want to be right (AKA informational social influence), influence because we want to be right (AKA normative social influence)

58
Q

cultural conformity factors

A

Individuality, cultural collectivism

58
Q

deindividuation

A

erosion of personal identity when in groups

59
Q

prisoners dilemma

A

the idea that two totally rational people will not work together even when its in their best interest to do so

59
Q

social loafing

A

tendency to put in less individual effort in group because of reduced accountability

59
Q

social contagion

A

spread of action, emotion, and ideas based on imitation

59
Q

social facilitation

A

improvement of individual based on presence of other

60
Q

risky shift

A

group decision

61
Q

group polarization effect

A

an individuals position gets strengthened because of group discussion or interaction

62
Q

groupthink

A

making decisions based more on group harmony than on being the “right” decision

63
Q

mere exposure effect

A

we like things that we are around more

64
Q

consensual validation

A

we are attracted to people who are like us

65
Q

Wuv?

A
66
Q

social exchange theory

A

social relationships involve an exchange of goods (the objective is to minimize costs and maximize benefits)

67
Q

investment model

A

a model of long term relationships looking at how commitment, investment, and availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships

AP psych (12 decks)

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