Topic 8 EQ2

Question 1

What are human rights ?

Answer 1

Moral principles that underlie standards of human behaviour

Question 2

What has countries giving economic development precedence over human development led to?

Answer 2

‘Barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind’ (UDHR)

Question 3

What was the catalyst for the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer 3

Nazi extermination of the Jews.

Question 4

What is the universal declaration of human rights?

Answer 4

Sets out 30 universal rights. Wide ranging from freedom of speech and movement to education.

Question 5

What is a weakness the UDHR?

Answer 5

It’s a declaration and not a treaty so it’s not legally binding.
The articles are unenforceable

Question 6

Strengths of the. UDHR

Answer 6

Define the meaning of fundamental freedoms and human rights. All member of the UN are bound to recognise and respect all the articles in the declaration.

Question 7

How has the UDHR influenced foreign policy and international relationships?

Answer 7

Has been used to justify a number of military interventions
The promise of aid has been used to persuade countries to improve human rights.

Question 8

What is the Geneva convention?

Answer 8

Used to protect people who are not taking part in the conflict during war

Question 9

What is the European convention on Human rights?

Answer 9

Comprises a number of articles and came into force in 1953 in which it played an important role in developing awareness for human rights in Europe .
Response to
- violation of human rights during ww2
- spread of communism

Question 10

Why was the UK human rights acts passed?

Answer 10

Incorporated the ECHR into UK law so that a beach of human rights can be heard in UK courts rather than the European court of human rights

Question 11

Why do some people think that the UK has lost some sovereignty as a result of the UK human rights act?

Answer 11

Appeals in UK courts can be sent to and overturned by the European court of human rights

Question 12

Why do countries priorities economic development over human rights?

Answer 12

Material prosperity and global influence come more from economic development

Question 13

Example of a democracy interpreting human rights which conflicts with the international community?

Answer 13

The European court of human rights chastised the UK for denying prisoners the right to vote in the 2015 general election.

Question 14

Description of North Korean regime

Answer 14

Totalitarian state with an elaborate personality cult based on the dictatorship of the Kim Jong family

Question 15

Current situation in North Korea

Answer 15

Lives in self-imposed isolation from the rest of the global community

Question 16

Evidence of North Koreas Isolation

Answer 16

People are forbidden to use the internet

Question 17

South Korea characteristics

Answer 17

Embraced capitalism and has transformed itself from a war torn country into a high income advanced country

Question 18

What has been key to the economic success in South Korea ?

Answer 18

• Firm govt and increasingly powerful high tech family owned businesses such as Samsung
• committed labour force
• rich Human Resources of enterprise and tech innovation

Question 19

Does North Korea hold elections?

Answer 19

Yes but only involves one party

Question 20

Is South Korea democratic

Answer 20

Ranked number 2 in Asia on the democracy index

Question 21

GDP per capita comparison between North and South Korea

Answer 21

195th vs 45th in the world

Question 22

World democracy audit in 2014 rank of North Korea

Answer 22

Most corrupt and least democratic country in the world

Question 23

What was modern China founded as?

Answer 23

A communist country with a one-party govt following ww2

Question 24

What has Chinas economic success been driven by ?

Answer 24

A form of govt that has a scant regard for human rights

Question 25

Chinas human rights abuses

Answer 25

• re-education through Labour for critics of govt and followers of banned beliefs
• suppression of the media and internet
• unfair trials
• torture - due to political and religious beliefs
• workers rights - trade unions are illegal and are not allowed to protest about low wages
• death penalty - 3/4 of all executions every year

Question 26

Is the Chinese govt democratic

Answer 26

Authoritarian one party state
Curbs on expression and association of religions
Prohibits trade unions and controls the judicial system

Question 27

Forms of political corruption

Answer 27

Allowing private interests to dictate government policy
Taking decisions that benefit those who are funding the politicians
Diverting resources and aid into private pockets of politicians

Question 28

Who was to blame for Zimbabwe losing its prosperity ?

Answer 28

Robert Mugabe in 1980 who controlled the country thanks to questionable elections, corruption and a firm denial of human rights

Question 29

What were mugabes land reforms ?

Answer 29

Redistribute land to black population from white settlers

Question 30

What did land reforms in Zimbabwe lead too?

Answer 30

Best land ended up in the hands of Mugabes cronies and the remainder has been badly farmed . The country is now on the Brink of bankruptcy where per capita GDP sits at just over US$1000

Question 31

Discrimination based on gender variation within countries

Answer 31

Not a great variation as it is determined by government policy or law in which all are expected to conform

Question 32

What did the independence of previously colonised countries lead too?

Answer 32

Decolonisation of countries led to internal conflict and division rather than freedom and prosperity.

Question 33

How did colonisation lead to a greater amount of discrimination of ethnicity when they eventually became independent?

Answer 33

Indigenous people have been excluded from its administration so when they became independent they had little experience of running a country which led to a chaos.
Colonial borders did not recognise the importance of ethnic and religious borders.

Question 34

Colonial history of Rwanda

Answer 34

German colony but then became a mandated territory under Belgian control due to German loss in ww1

Question 35

What are the three distinct sub groups within the Banyarwanda?

Answer 35

Hutu - 85%
Tutsi - 15%
Taw - 1%

Question 36

How did the Banyarwanda coexist before European intervention?

Answer 36

Unified state largely controlled by the minority Tutsis . Hutus were treated as second class citizens

Question 37

Before and since independence in 1962 what have the Hutus aim been

Answer 37

Convert there superiority in numbers into power

Question 38

What happened in April 1994?

Answer 38

Hutus decided to eliminate Tutsi . Within 100 days , 800,000 Tutsis were massacred . The Rwanda Patriotic Front (Tutsi rebels and refugees in Uganda) invaded the country and regained control by where 2 million Hutu fled the country.

Question 39

Aftermath in Rwanda

Answer 39

Economy has recovered
Ethnic discrimination continues but gender equality is very good

Question 40

How many indigenous people are there?

Answer 40

370 million living in over 70 countries , 5% of worlds population

Question 41

Why are indigenous communities and their environment under threat ?

Answer 41

Mining
Oil extraction
Dam
Roadbuilding
They being driven off their homeland into towns and cities
They are enjoying the costs of development but reaping no benefits
More likely to commit suicide and are generally in worse health

Question 42

Rates of progress of indigenous people

Answer 42

Efforts have been made to involve indigenous people in national policy making - President Morales is from an indigenous tribe

Question 43

Where has there been slow progress in the development of indigenous communities opportunities

Answer 43

Bolivia
Still remain economically marginalised as most live in extreme poverty .
Morales is criticised on failing to deliver on reducing poverty.