Topic 1 EQ1

Question 1

What is the tectonic location of Nepal?

Answer 1

Sits on a fault between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. Plate compression leads to pressure build up

Question 2

What is a natural hazard

Answer 2

A naturally occurring event caused by natural processes

Question 3

What is a natural disaster?

Answer 3

When a natural hazard causes social and environmental damage

Question 4

What is vulnerability ?

Answer 4

People’s ability to cope with hazard events

Question 5

What does the Degg model show?

Answer 5

The overlap between hazardous events and vulnerable population which causes a disaster

Question 6

What magnitude was the 2015 Nepalese earthquake?

Answer 6

7.8

Question 7

How many deaths were caused by the 2015 Nepal earthquake?

Answer 7

8633

Question 8

Cost of the 2015 Nepalese earthquake

Answer 8

Lost 25% of GDP
Cost 6.6 billion to rebuild which they would have to rely on foreign aid

Question 9

Human Vulnerabilities of Nepal

Answer 9

• half the population lives in poverty
• buildings weren’t built to withstand earthquakes
• lack of investment in emergency services meant that they had to rely heavily on foreign aid
• economy is very reliant on tourism

Question 10

Physical vulnerability of Nepal

Answer 10

Mountainous landscape meant that shaking caused landslides

Question 11

Earths structure

Answer 11

Core : inner and outer
Mantle - upper and asthenosphere
Crust - oceanic and continental

Question 12

Characteristics of inner core

Answer 12

Solid
Made of iron
About 6000°c

Question 13

Characteristics of the outer core

Answer 13

Semi molten
Liquid iron and nickel
4500 - 6000°c

Question 14

Mantle characteristics

Answer 14

Widest
Upper mantle is solid
Lower mantle is the asthenosphere which is semi molten rock

Question 15

Oceanic crust characteristics

Answer 15

Thin dense layer (6 - 8 km thick)

Question 16

Characteristics of continental crust

Answer 16

Thicker less dense layer
45 - 50 km

Question 17

What is the lithosphere made up of ?

Answer 17

Crust and upper mantle which is made up of tectonic plates

Question 18

How does mantle convection cause plates to move?

Answer 18

Heat produced by radioactive decay in the core heats the lower mantle which creates convection currents in the asthenosphere and cause the plate to move

Question 19

What is seafloor spreading

Answer 19

Occurs at divergent boundaries under the ocean and there is a continuous input of magma which forms a mid ocean ridge.
Paleo magnetism can be used to date the age of the new tectonic crust

Question 20

What is paleomagnetism?

Answer 20

A record in the changes of the Earths magnetic field

Question 21

How does paleomagnetism show that the sea floor has spread?

Answer 21

When lava solidifies , minerals line up with the earths magnetic direction. Mid ocean ridges show patterns of magnetic direction mirrored on each side of the ridge

Question 22

Why did subduction become suggested?

Answer 22

If sea floor spreading creates new crust, then the Earth should be expanding which means that crust must be getting destroyed somewhere.

Question 23

What is subduction?

Answer 23

A two plates move towards each other , the denser plate slides under into the mantle where it melts