Topic 8 EQ3

Question 1

What are geopolitical interventions?

Answer 1

Exercise of a country’s power in order to influence the course of events outside its borders

Question 2

Possible motives for geopolitical intervention

Answer 2

Offering development aid
Promoting international trade and protecting trade routes
Increase global influence

Question 3

How are geopolitical interventions delivered?

Answer 3

Development aid
Economic support
Military support

Question 4

Two main delivery routes of development aid

Answer 4

Bilateral
Multilateral

Question 5

What is bilateral aid?

Answer 5

Aid that is delivered on a one to one basis

Question 6

What is multilateral aid ?

Answer 6

Aid given by donor countries to international aid organisations such as the World Bank

Question 7

What does a bilateral aid allow a donor country to donor?

Answer 7

Pursue its own agenda and to target aid at preferred objectives

Question 8

Characteristics of multilateral aid

Answer 8

Donor country have virtually no control
Except powerful countries influence the development policy of large organisations such as the world bank

Question 9

What is the official development assistance ?

Answer 9

OECD measures aid

Question 10

What is the OECD target for aid?

Answer 10

0.7% of GNI for developed countries - agreed in 1970. It is now suggested that it should be at least one percent

Question 11

What is the problem with aid given as loans ?

Answer 11

Interest rates and repayment. Receiver countries can enter a downward spiral as a result of increasing debt

Question 12

Why is technical assistance more beneficial than loans?

Answer 12

Involves the transfer of expertise , technology and education. Contributes more to human development than capital . Effective at supporting bottom up approaches

Question 13

What are the main two types of economic support intervention?

Answer 13

Trade
Investment

Question 14

How can trade interventions boost economic development ?

Answer 14

Trade blocs to encourage free trade and increase exports
Exchange rates - lowering to increase the competitiveness of exports

Question 15

How can trade interventions be used to force bad regimes to change ?

Answer 15

Embargoes - bans in trade
Sanctions - restrictions on trade

Question 16

Example of a trade intervention to help less developed countries

Answer 16

Set up of ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional agreements relating to free trade and economic cooperation

Question 17

Example of trade intervention on countries with regimes that violate human rights

Answer 17

Embargo and sanctions on South Africa during the Apartheid years

Question 18

What are the economic motives for investing as an intervention?

Answer 18

• secure primary resources
• facilitate private investment
• provide technical know how

These may be beneficial for economic development as it includes improved living standards and provision of better education and healthcare rather than improved recognition of human rights

Question 19

Two main types of military intervention

Answer 19

• training and equipping a countries army
• sending troops to help deal with terrorism

Question 20

Five main IGOS

Answer 20

UN, EU, World Bank and WTO

Question 21

Four majors NGOs who intervene

Answer 21

Amnesty international
Human rights watch
Oxfam
Médicins Sans Frontières

Question 22

Why was Médicins Sans Frontières founded?

Answer 22

Belief that everybody has a right to medical care

Question 23

How much aid does Medicin San Frontier provide?

Answer 23

70 countries it offers medical training and healthcare

Question 24

Why was OXFAM founded?

Answer 24

To deal with hunger and starvation that prevailed post WW2.

Question 25

Three main targets of OXFAM

Answer 25

• lift people out of poverty and improve health
• assist those affected by conflicts and natural disasters
• campaign on issues such as gender equality

Question 26

Why was amnesty international founded?

Answer 26

Investigation and exposure of human rights
Ensure the UDHR is implemented
Provides education and training so that people are made aware of there rights

Question 27

NGO primarily concerned with human rights

Answer 27

Amnesty international

Question 28

NGO primarily concerned with human development

Answer 28

Oxfam
Medicin sans Frontières

Question 29

What has led to Haiti being one of the poorest countries in the world,

Answer 29

Exploitation of resources by foreign companies and business interests s
Corruption
Poor health care
Large scale emigration

Question 30

Damages by the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Answer 30

230,000 people were killed - could be more than 300,000 due too poor record keeping
300,000 people were injured
200,000 houses were badly damaged and 100,000 were completely destroyed d

Question 31

How much aid was pledged to Haiti after the Earthquake ?

Answer 31

£12 billion

Question 32

As of 2015, what is the current situation in Haiti

Answer 32

Only half the promised aid has been received
500,000 still living in temporary shelter without electricity, plumbing or sewage
Prolonged outbreak of cholera due to the failure to provide proper sanitation

Question 33

What should Haiti be focusing on in 2015, 5 years after the Earthquake?

Answer 33

Dealing with human rights abuses, corruption, poor governance and poverty

Question 34

Cause of the Cholera outbreak

Answer 34

UN peace keepers can straight from Nepal in which there sceptic tanks had Cholera in. The sceptic tanks leaked into the local water supplies which caused the outbreak

Question 35

Causes of bad recovery from Haiti earthquake

Answer 35

Too many unqualified NGOs which lack essential skills such as language and experience.
Haitian military had little experience of dealing with such a large scale emergency event .
Aid was unequally distributed as it focused too much on the emergency camps and Port au Prince so rural areas were largely ignored