The Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the two main phases within the cell cycle?
Interphase and mitotic (M) phase
What does interphase involve?
Growth and DNA synthesis through the sub-phases of G1, S phase and G2
What is G1?
A growth period where proteins and organelles are synthesised
What is S phase?
The cell continues to grow and DNA is replicated in preparation for mitosis
What is G2?
Another growth period during which proteins and organelles are synthesised
What two subunits make up the mitotic phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
What happens in mitosis?
The chromosomal material is separated by the spindle microtubules
What happens in cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm is separated into two daughter cells
What are the different stages of mitosis?
Prophases, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What happens during prophase?
DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids. Nuclear membrane brakes down and the spindle microtubules extend from the MTOC by polymerisation and attach to chromosomes via their kinetichores in the centromere region.
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)
What happens in anaphase?
as spindle microtubules shorten by depolymerisation, sister chromatids are separated and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
What happens in telophase?
The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them
