Chapter 17

Question 1

Type 1: Hypersensitivites: Immediate IgE Mediated

Answer 1

• IgE binds by Fc portion to mast cells or Basophils
• Releases inflammatory Mediators
• Inhaled, ingested, injected
• Inherited

Question 2

Sensitization

Answer 2

• Type 1: hypersensitivites

- Occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of body and induces response

Question 3

Types of type 1 Hypersensitivites

Answer 3

• Localized: Hives (skin), Hay Fever (inhaled), Asthma (respiratory)
• Generalized: Rare, enters bloodstream

Question 4

Immunotherapy

Answer 4

• Type 1 Hypersensitivites
• Desensitization: causes immune system to produce IgG
• IgG binds antigen, prevents IgE binding
• Injection

Question 5

rhuMab (Omalizumab)

Answer 5

-Form of IgG molecule, Binds Fc portion of IgE, blocks attachment to mast cells and Basophils

Question 6

Type 2 Hypersensitivites: cytotoxic

Answer 6

• Antibodies react with molecules on cell surface: injure cells or kills them
• Cells can be destroyed by complement fixation or ADCC

Question 7

Transfusion Reactions

Answer 7

• Type 2 Hypersensitivites:
• Transfused blood that is antigenically different can be lysed by recipient immune cells
• IgM is used

Question 8

Hemolytic Disease

Answer 8

• Women that is prego, RH+

- treatment is RhoGAM

Question 9

Type 3 Hypersensitivites: Immune Complex-Mediated

Answer 9

• Immune complexes consist of antigen and antibody bound together
• Persist in circulation or at sites of formation
• Causes Blood Clotting
• Cause Inflammation
• Complexes in skin, joints, and kidney
• Cause DIC (clots)

Question 10

Type 4 Hypersensitivites: Delayed cell-mediated

Answer 10

• caused by cell-mediated immunity
• (2-3) days
• Tissue damage
• contact dermatitis
• rejection of tissue grafts
• autoimmune diseases

Question 11

Allografts

Answer 11

• tissues of donor and recipient are not genetically identical
• MHC molecules lead to rejection

Question 12

Autografts, Isografts, Xenografts

Answer 12

-Autografts (from elsewhere in body)
-isografts (from identical sibling) avoid these problems
– Xenografts (from animals) evoke vigorous response

Question 13

Immunosuppressive Drugs

Answer 13

-Used for transplants

Question 14

Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 14

• Destroying body’s own cells

- Result from reactions to antigens that are similar to MHC self antigens

Question 15

Organ specific autoimmune diseases

Answer 15

Graves Thyroid disease
– Only thyroid is affected
Diabetes mellitus
– Cytototic T cells destroy β-cells of pancreas

Question 16

Widespread response autoimmune diseases

Answer 16

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
– Auto antibodies made against nuclear constituents of all body cells
• Rheumatoid arthritis
– Immune response made against collagen in
connective tissue • Myasthenia gravis
– Autoantibody-mediated disease

Question 17

Immunosuppressant

Answer 17

• Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases

- Killing dividing cells

Question 18

Cyclosporin

Answer 18

• Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases

- Controlling T Cell singnaling

Question 19

Corticosteroids

Answer 19

• Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases

- Anti-inflammatory

Question 20

Insulin

Answer 20

• Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases

- Replacement therapy

Question 21

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Answer 21

Body’s inability to make and sustain an adequate immune response

Question 22

Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

Answer 22

Born with it

Question 23

Agammaglobulinemia

Answer 23

• Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

- Few or no antibodies produced

Question 24

SCID

Answer 24

• Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

- B and T lymphocytes are nonfunctional

Question 25

Selective IgA deficiency

Answer 25

• Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

- Little or no IgA produced