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mcat > Physiology 3 > Flashcards

Physiology 3 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Normal daily water output

A

2300 ml

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2
Q

70kg man example

A

11L interstitial

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3
Q

Vant Hoff

A

Osmotic coefficient correction factor

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4
Q

Hypertonic fluid added to extracellular fluid

A

decreases intracellular fluid volume

Increase extracellular volume

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5
Q

Greatest effect on GFR

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

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6
Q

Which doesn’t determine GFR?

A

Bowman’s capsule colloid osmotic pressure

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7
Q

Average GFR

A

180 L/day

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8
Q

Cells with finger like digitations

A

Podocytes

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9
Q

Reabsorption of glucose

A

Secondary active transport

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10
Q

Which doesn’t have a transport maximum?

A

Na+ in proximal tubule

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11
Q

Thin descending loop is permeable to

A

Water

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12
Q

1 Na, 2 Cl, 1 K co-transporter where?

A

Thick ascending limb of Henle

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13
Q

Where is the macula densa

A

DCT

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14
Q

Target of aldosterone

A

Principal cells

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15
Q

T/F Angiotensin II most powerful Na retaining hormone

A

True

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16
Q

ADH high, low osmolarity where?

A

DCT

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17
Q

ADH secreted where?

A

Posterior pituitary

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18
Q

Which one is not a cause of hypotension?

A

Ventricular hypertrophy

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19
Q

An increase in which of the following will cause a decrease in GFR

A

Afferent arteriole resistance

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20
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A

Decreases resistance in the afferent arterioles

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21
Q

What is the mean systemic filling pressure

A

+7mmHg

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22
Q

Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor

A

Nitric Oxide

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23
Q

T/F Bainbridge reflex (increase BP, decrease HR)

A

False

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24
Q

The CNS ischemic response is the strongest sympathetic stimulation?

A

True

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25
Q

The second sound you hear in the heart is the AV valves

A

False
AV=Lub
Semilunar=Dub

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26
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of neurogenic shock?

A

Hemorrhage

27
Q

ANP will do what?

A

Increase GFR and decrease Na+ reabsorption

28
Q

Which pressure moves fluid inward on the arteriole end?

A

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

29
Q

Blood flow

A

Autoregulation

30
Q

Starlings Law

A

Allows what flows into the R atrium to be pumped out

31
Q

Herrings nerves

A

Small branches of nerves that connect ___ and CN9

32
Q

T/F Near infinite feedback gain principle

A

False

33
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Neither of the above (blood flow during systole and diastole)

34
Q

What is the total inward

A

28 mmHg

35
Q

Which is not an effect of primary hypertension

A

ANF

36
Q

Angiotensinogen is produced in the ______ and converted to angiotensin 1 by _____

A

Liver, rennin

37
Q

Acute heart failure (which one is correct)

A

Just pulmonary edema

38
Q

What increases lymph flow?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

What controls coronary heart blood flow?

A

Local muscle metabolism

40
Q

What is the cause of myogenic acute shock?

A

All of the above.

41
Q

In any tissue in the body, a rapid increase in arterial pressure causes an immediate rise in blood flow. But within less than a minute, the blood flow in most tissues returns almost to the normal level even though the pressure is kept elevated. The return of flow toward normal is due to…

A

Autoregulation of blood flow

42
Q

Baroreceptors are extremely abundant in carotid sinuses and the walls of the aortic arch. Signals from baroreceptors are transmitted to Cranial Nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) via small connecting nerves called.

A

Hering nerves

43
Q

Which of the following substances would NOT result in vasoconstiction

A

Nitric Oxide

44
Q

Release of atrial natriuretic peptide as a result of atrial stretch would have which of the following effects?

A

Increased glomerular filtration rate and decreased sodium ion reabsorption

45
Q

Which of the following statements is correct

A

Acute heart failure is likely to cause pulmonary edema (Only statement 1 is correct)

46
Q

A decrease in sodium chloride concentration causes the macula densa to

A

Decrease resistance to blood in the afferent arterioles

47
Q

The Hering-Breuer reflex is triggered to respond to excessive stretching of the lung during excessive inspiration

A

True

48
Q

Which center is primarily responsible for establishing the ramp signal during normal breathing?

A

Dorsal respiratory group

49
Q

Van’t Hoff’s law allows one to calculate the potential osmotic pressure of a solution. However, this calculation is only an approximation, because there are interionic interactions. To correct for this deviation, one should also use which of the following correction factors?

A

Osmotic coefficient

50
Q

GFR is determined by the net filtration pressure and the glomerular capillary filtration coefficient. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on increasing GFR?

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

51
Q

Which of the following variable DOES NOT determine glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

A

Bowman’s Capsule colloid osmotic pressure

52
Q

Which of the following, in liters/day, represents the GFR in the average adult human?

A

180

53
Q

A 1-sodium, 2-chloride, 1-potassium co-transporter is found in the luminal membrane of which part of the renal tubule?

A

Thick ascending limb of Henle

54
Q

Aldosterone is an important regulator of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion; one of its main targets are…

A

Principal Cells

55
Q

The forces that determine whether fluid will move out of the blood into the interstitial fluid or in the opposite direction are referred to Starling Forces. Which of the following forces tends to move fluid inward at the arterial end of the capillary?

A

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

56
Q

Mean systemic filling pressure is the pressure in the right atrium at which venous return decreases to 0; pressure is…

A

+7mmHg

57
Q

If mean capillary pressures is 17.3 mmHg; and a negative interstitial free fluid pressure is 3.0 mmHg; and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure is 8.0 mmHg and plasma colloid osmotic pressure is 28.0 mmHg, What is the total inward force?

A

28 mmHg

58
Q

Which of the following factors decreases hydrogen ion secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption?

A

Decrease in angiotensin II

59
Q

The kidneys are the most powerful of the three lines of defense that regulate hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids – True/False

A

True

60
Q

The kidneys produce a compensatory response to respiratory acidosis by adding new bicarbonate ion to the extracellular fluid. – True/False

A

True

61
Q

Tubular fluid becomes more dilute as it ascends in the ascending loop of Henle as long as ADH is present – True/False

A

False

62
Q

A normal 70 kg human must excrete about 600 mOsml of solute each day in order to get rid of waste products of metabolism and ions that are ingested. The maximan urine concentrating ability = 1200 mOsm/L. The thick ascending limb of Henle has a tubular fluid concentration of 100 mOsml/L. What is the obligatory urine volume per day?

A

0.5 L/day

63
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A

The thin descending limb of Henle is impermeable to water

64
Q

Approximately how much of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed by the kidney tubules?

A

Almost all of it

mcat (6 decks)

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