Cognitive Interviews

Question 1

What is the intro of cognitive interviews?

Answer 1

-Developed by Fisher and Gieselmen
-A technique used by the police to interview witnesses after a crime/incident
-to help facilitate the most accurate and detailed memory as possible
-they use open questions so the witness can expand on their own

Question 2

Name all four techniques.

Answer 2

-Recall everything
-Context reinstatement
-Recall in reverse
-Recall from changed perspective

Question 3

Explain recall everything.

Answer 3

-Witness is asked to report all details even those that seem irrelevent
-trigger memory and additional information
-E.G start from the beginning what happened in the morning of the burglary.

Question 4

Explain context reinstatement.

Answer 4

-Witness is asked to mentally place themselves at the scene and imagine the environment and emotion
-Using context/state dependant cues would hope to trigger recall
-E.G close your eyes…what do you see?

Question 5

Explain Recall in reverse.

Answer 5

-Witness asked to report what happened in different chronological order
e.g. end to start
-prevent schema, what witness expects to happen and dishonesty
-E.G tell us what happened when u entered the bank?

Question 6

Explain recall from changed perspective.

Answer 6

-Witness asked to report the incident from another person’s perspective e.g. bank robber
-prevent schema, what they expect to happen
-E.G imagine your the bank robber, what do you see?

Question 7

What are the evaluation?

Answer 7

-Kohnken et al (support)
-Kohnken et al (against)
-milne and bull weakness

Question 8

Explain the research to support
Kohnken et al

Answer 8

-using meta analysis of 50 studies comparing CI with Si
-reported that there was a increase of 41% of correct information in CI compared to SI
-therefore supports as a effective technique
-Because helps the witness to recall information stored in the memory which isn’t accessible

Question 9

Explain the evaluation Kohnken et al contradicts his study with.

Answer 9

-However.although correct information is remembered in CI compared to SI (41%),often incorrect information is also recalled
-this is called false postives and is a weakness of CI
-despite information being collected. if the information is incorrect this can lead to false imprisonment and wasting police time
-reduces it as a effective technique

Question 10

Explain the valuation of Milne and Bull

Answer 10

-not all techniques used in cognitive interviews are equally effective
-Milne and Bull found that using one of the 4 alone prduces more information than standards interviews
-they also found that by using a combonation og recall everything and context rienstatement it produced better recall than other ellemnt s
-because it mewans ci are always used as a effecttive tehcnique though there ar esome aspects which are useful in producing accurate recall