Cardiovascular system - Exam questions Flashcards
Describe the flow of blood from the right atrium through the heart to the pulmonary artery. (3 marks)
- Blood leaves the right atrium through the tricuspid valve (1)
- Into the right ventricle (1)
- The blood then passes through the semi-lunar valve (1)
Heart rate increases in response to a single exercise session.
Give 2 other responses of the cardiovascular system to an exercise session. (2)
- Increased cardiac output
- Increaed blood pressure
- Redirection of blood flow
Describe the role of the sinoatrial node. (2)
- Acts as a pacemaker and sends an impulse to the right atrium (1)
- Causes the walls of the atria to contract (1)
Platelets are 1 component of the blood. Name 2 other components. (2)
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Plasma
What is the function of white blood cells? (1)
Fight infection
Describe the function of capillaries. (2)
- Connect arteries and veins (1)
- Provide the site for gaseous exchange (1)
Explain how an increase in exercising stroke volume has an impact on Robin’s badminton performance. (4)
- Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat (1)
- Therefore more oxygen is delivered to the working muscle (1)
- Therefore this enables Robin to play at a higher intensity for a longer duration (1)
- And delays the onset of muscle fatigue between points (1)
State the component of blood that carries most of the oxygen during Robin’s badminton match. (1)
Red blood cells
2 functions of the CV system are to fight infection and clot blood. Analyse the 3 other functions and how they impact on Robin’s badminton performance. (6)
- Delivering oxygen and nutrients to be transported to Robin’s working muscles (1) meaning he can work at a higher intensity for longer (1).
- Removes the waste products like carbon dioxide and lactic acid (1) allowing Robin to be able to continue playing at a high intensity for an extened duration as fatigue will occur later (1).
- Thermoregulation (1) which carries blood nearer to the skin’s surface so that heat can be lost. This ensures that Robin doesn’t overheat during the game. (1)
Describe the role of the bicuspid valve in the cardiac cycle. (2)
- Controls the flow of blood (1) from the left atrium (1)
- Prevents backflow of blood (1) from the left ventricle (1)
Describe the role of the atrioventricular node. (2)
- Receives an impulse from the sinoatrial node (1) and holds the impulse (1).
- It transfers the impulse to the bundle of purkinje fibres (1).
State 2 functions of plasma. (2)
- Transport nutrients (1)
- Transport waste products (1)
- Transport hormones (1)
- Help to regulate body temperature (1)
Heidi is a boxer who has been cut on her eyebrow. One of the many functions of the cardiovascular system is to clot blood.
Describe how blood is clotted. (3)
Platelets (1) stimulate fibrin (1) and stick together (1) blood cells attach to the clot to prevent further blood loss (1)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a by-product of respiration.
Describe how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. (2)
- Dissolved in water (1)
- Combined with haemoglobin (1)
- Dissolved in plasma (1)
Explain how carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the body. (5)
- CO2 diffuses from the muscle to the blood (1)
- CO2 is transported to the heart via the vena cava (1)
- The pulmonary artery transports CO2 to the lungs (1)
- Gasses diffuse from high concentration to low concentration (1) causing a diffusion gradient (1)
- CO2 diffuses from the blood to the alveoli where it is breathed out (1)
