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sports studies - unit 1 > Energy systems > Flashcards

Energy systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Why should children avoid anaerobic exercise?

A
  • It is hard for them to remove lactic acid
  • They have a lack of lactate system
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2
Q

Adaptation
Increased tolerance to lactic acid

A
  • Allows more blood to supply muscles with oxygen
  • Able to oxidise pyruvic acid more consistently
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3
Q

What does dehydrogenase do?

A

Breaks down pyruvic acid into lactic acid

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4
Q

What does phosphofructokinase do?

A

Breaks glucose down into pyruvic acid

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5
Q

Acetyl Coenzyme A

A

Produced when pyruvic acid is oxidised

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6
Q

What is the fuel used in the ATP-PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine

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7
Q

How much ATP is produced in the ATP-PC system?

A

1

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8
Q

What fuels are used in the oxidative system?

A

Glucose and fats

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9
Q

What is beta oxdation?

A

The breakdown of stored fats

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10
Q

Advantages of the aerobic oxidative system

A
  • No fatiguing by products
  • High energy yield
  • High stores of glycogen and fats
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11
Q

Symptoms of a hypoglaecemic attack

A
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Hunger
  • Trembling
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12
Q

Adaptation
Increased creatine stores

A
  • Improves ATP-PC system
  • Can do anaerobic exercise longer
  • Faster and more powerful movements
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13
Q

What does phosphorylase do?

A

Breaks glucose down into glycogen

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14
Q

What enzyme breaks the bond of ATP to release energy?

A

ATPase

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15
Q

What time period is phosphocreatine used as a fuel?

A

First 0-10 seconds

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16
Q

What % energy yield is contributed by protein?

A

15%

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17
Q

What is ATP made up of?

A

1 molecule of adenosine and 3 phosphates

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18
Q

What reaction is it if energy is released in the form of heat?

A

Exothermic

19
Q

What does ATPase leave behind when it breaks down ATP?

A

ADP and an inorganic phosphate

20
Q

Where is phopshocreatine stored?

A

Liver and muscles

21
Q

What energy system is used for high intensity exercise?

A

Anaerobic glycolytic or ATP-PC

22
Q

What energy system is used for low intensity exercise?

A

Aerobic system

23
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell

24
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

In the mitochondria

25
Q

What is carried into the Kreb’s cycle? (Oxidative system)

A

Oxidised pyruvic acid

26
Q

What is produced in the Kreb’s cycle?

A

CO2, H20, H+ ions and 2ATP

27
Q

What enters the Electron transport chain from the Kreb’s cycle?

A

The H+ ions

28
Q

Disadvantages of the aerobic oxidative system?

A
  • Energy production is not rapid
  • This system can only be used during submaximal activities.
29
Q

Advantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system

A
  • ATP is resynthesised quickly
  • Lasts longer than the ATP-PC system
30
Q

Disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system?

A
  • Lactic acid is the by product
  • Small energy yield (2 ATP)
31
Q

How long will the ATP-PC system provide energy for?

A

8-10 seconds

32
Q

How long will phosphocreatine last?

A

6-8 seconds

33
Q

What does creatine kinase do?

A

Detects high levels of ADP

34
Q

What does the energy continuum allow us to see?

A

Which energy system is used for different types of activity

35
Q

What is the predominant energy system for a 100m sprint?

A

ATP-PC system

36
Q

What is the predominant energy system for a marathon?

A

The aerobic system

37
Q

What is the ATP-PC/anaerobic threshold?

A

Where the ATP-PC energy system is exhausted and the anaerobic glycolytic takes over

38
Q

What is the anaerobic/aerobic threshold?

A

Where the anaerobic system is exhausted and the aerobic system takes over

39
Q

What are slow twitch muscle fibres used for?

A

Low/medium intensity exercise

40
Q

How much ATP do slow twitch muscle fibres produce?

A

Up to 36 ATP

41
Q

What are fast twitch muscle fibres used for?

A

High intensity exercise

42
Q

What are the 5 adaptations of the energy systems?

A
  • Increased creatine stores
  • Increased tolerance to lactic acid
  • Improved aerobic system
  • Increased use of fats as an energy source
  • Increased storage of glycogen and number of mitochondria
43
Q

What are the 2 additional factors affecting energy systems?

A
  • Diabetes and hypoglycemic attacks
  • Children’s lack of lactate system
44
Q
A

sports studies - unit 1 (10 decks)

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