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RDS Test 2 > B8-080 CBCL Care of the Infant > Flashcards

B8-080 CBCL Care of the Infant Flashcards

1
Q

APGAR is assigned at […] and […] min of life

A

1 and 5

(if less than 7, continue every 5 min until improvement)

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2
Q

medications administered to infant in the first few hours of life [3]

A

vitamin K
erythromycin eye ointment
hepatitis B vax

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3
Q

what does APGAR evaluate?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

(each category given score from 0-2)

Note: she says HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color in her lecture

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4
Q

if the cord has […] vessels, that could indicate genetic anomalies

A

two

(3 normal)

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5
Q

if you are unsure of baby’s GA, you can use the […] method to evaluate them

A

ballard

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6
Q

“hang on for life” reflex

baby extends/abducts arms when startled and then draws together

A

moro reflex (startle reflex)

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7
Q

required newborn screening tests [3]

A

hearing
newborn screen: CF, PKU, thyroid, etc.
CHD

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8
Q

high pitched crying
uncontrolled tremors
fragmented sleep
diarrhea/vomiting
frequent sneezing
sweating

in a newborn can be signs of

A

NOWS

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9
Q

the highest risk of congenital anomalies due to teratogens occurs in the […] period

A

embryonic (weeks 3-8)

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10
Q

causes of congenital anomalies are […] in 55% of cases

A

multifactorial

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11
Q

intrinsic developmental defect that occurs during the embryonic period

A

malformation

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12
Q

secondary breakdown of tissue with normal developmental potential

A

disruption

(ex. amniotic band)

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13
Q

extrinsic mechanical distortion occurs during fetal period

A

deformation

(ex. club foot from low amniotic fliud)

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14
Q

birth defects associated with smoking and pregnancy [4]

A

cleft lip/palate
club foot
gastroschisis
heart defects

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15
Q

placental problems associated with tobacco exposure [2]

A

abruption (painful)
previa (painless)

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16
Q

following delivery, babies born to mothers who smoked tobacco are at an increased risk of […]

A

SIDS

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17
Q

congenital anomalies associated with opioids [4]

A

CVD anomalies (tet. and HLHS)
neural tube defects
gastroschisis
clubfoot

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18
Q

failure of closure of the […] results in anencephaly

A

anterior neuropore

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19
Q

[…] use in pregnancy is associated with prune belly syndrome and cryptorchidism

A

cocaine

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20
Q

inhibits the transport of biotin and vitamin B6 across the placenta

A

ethanol

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21
Q

blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein is conducted through the […] to the IVC

A

ductus venousus

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22
Q

in the fetus, the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC is direct through the […] into the left atrium

A

foramen ovale

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23
Q

in the fetus, deoxygenated blood from the SVC passes through the RA -> RV -> main pulmonary artery -> […] –> descending aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

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24
Q

describe the changes that occur in the heart when an infant takes a breath after birth

A

decreased resistance in pulmonary vasculature –>
increased left atrial pressure vs RA –>
foramen ovale closes

the increase in O2 and decrease in prostaglandins allows for closure of ductus arteriosus

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25
Q

erythromycin is administered to newborns for […] prophylaxis

A

gonorrhea

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26
Q

vitamin K is administered to newborns for […] prophylaxis

A

bleeding

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27
Q

below the […]% is considered SGA
above the […]% is considered LGA

A

below the [10]% is considered SGA
above the [90]% is considered LGA

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28
Q

the first stool produced by baby is called […]

A

meconium

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29
Q

failure of the […] to close results in gastroschisis

A

ventral body wall

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30
Q

gastroschisis is most commonly linked to maternal use of […] [2]

A

opioid
tobacco smoke

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31
Q

pregnant women exposed to […] are at an increased risk of having a baby with low birth weight

A

secondhand smoke

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32
Q

the umbilical vein drains into the […] via the ductus venosus

A

IVC

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33
Q

[…] vessel cord is associated with congenital and chromosomal anomalies

A

two vessel

(single umbilical artery)

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34
Q

benign neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is caused by [3]

A

increased fetal RBC turnover
immature newborn liver (less UDP activity)
increased enterohepatic circulation

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35
Q

how can failure of breastfeeding cause jaundice?

A

insufficient breastmilk intake leads to decreased bilirubin elimination in stool

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36
Q

how can breast milk cause jaundice?

A

increased B-glucoronidase in milk causes deconjugation

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37
Q

severe cases of benign neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can lead to

A

kernicterus

(deposits in basal ganglia)

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38
Q

gastrulation occurs in the […] period

A

embryonic (3-8)

(formation of trilaminar disc)

39
Q

the majority of the contributing factors to birth defects are […]

A

multifactorial

40
Q

morphological alterations to already formed structures

A

disruption

41
Q

result from mechanical forces that mold structures over a prolonged period of time

A

deformations

42
Q

affect the formation of structures

A

malformations

43
Q

external factors that cause birth defects

A

teratogens

(genetics are not teratogens)

44
Q

categories of teratogens [4]

A

chemical
hormones
infectious
physical

45
Q

examples of male mediates teratogenesis [3]

A

male germ cell mutations

paternal exposure to secondhand smoke/hazards (mercury)

transmission of teratogens in seminal fluid

46
Q

a sacral dimple [with/without] a base is a normal finding

A

with

(without raises concern for spina bifida)

47
Q

a hip clunk raises suspicion for […]

A

developmental dysplasia of the hip

48
Q

circumcision decreases the risk of […] [3]

A

HIV, HPV
UTI in first year of life

(important to consider geographical prevalence of HIV, HPV in risk/benefit ratio)

49
Q

decreases the risk of UTI in the first year of life

A

circumcision

50
Q

[milestones]
cooing/gurgling

A

2 months

51
Q

[milestones]
stringing vowels together

A

4 months

52
Q

[milestones]
responds to simple requests, waves

A

12 months

53
Q

[milestones]
puts together sentences

A

2 yrs

54
Q

[milestones]
acts bored

A

2 months

55
Q

[milestones]
passes objects from hand to hand

A

4 months

56
Q

[milestones]
uses objects properly

A

12 months

57
Q

[milestones]
builds a tower of 4 blocks

A

2 yrs

58
Q

condition that causes breathing problems in newborn babies

A

transient tachypnea of the newborn

59
Q

risk factors for transient tachypnea of the newborn

A

C-section
precipitous delivery

(not enough time for fluid to be squeezed from lungs)

60
Q

what is an appropriate amount of stool and wet diapers for a newborn?

A

1 stool and 1 wet per day of life

61
Q

normal, blue-grey marking of the skin in newborns

A

dermal melanocytosis

62
Q

exams that check for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Barlow and Ortolani

63
Q

babies hands/feet are blue but is otherwise pink

A

acrocyanosis

64
Q

if mom is Hep B+, what treatment should baby receive to prevent vertical transmission?

A

Hep B vaccine
hep B IVIg

65
Q

babies need to pass their first stool by […] hours of life

A

24-48

66
Q

delayed passage of meconium could be a sign of

A

CF

(colonic dysmotility)

67
Q

risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia

A

jaundice in first 24 hrs of life
ABO/Rh incompatibility
GA 35-36 weeks
TSB/TcB in high risk zone (greater than 10)

68
Q

risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Breech presentation

(diagnosis confirmed via US in infants less than 4 mo)

69
Q

gestation diabetes is a risk factor for [3]

A

hypoglycemia
large for GA infants
shoulder dystocia

70
Q

in breastfeeding […] milk supply is associated with jaundice

A

low

71
Q

a prior sibling with jaundice increases the risk for

A

jaundice

72
Q

reduces risk of anemia by allowing the newborn to receive all blood in the placenta

A

delayed cord clamping

73
Q

helps the infant create clotting factors that decrease the risk of intracranial bleeding

A

vitamin K

74
Q

given to all infants at birth to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia of of the newborn

A

erythromycin

75
Q

leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide

A

gonococcal ophthalmia of of the newborn

76
Q

[…] is used to treat chlamydia in pregnancy

A

azithromycin

(doxy normally)

77
Q

why are tetracyclines contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

binds to calcium –> inhibits bone growth

78
Q

looks for different elements of neuromuscular and physical maturity to help determine gestational age

A

Ballard exam

79
Q

the […] reflex is caused by an abrupt position change or loud noise

A

moro/startle

80
Q

neural tube defects are associated with […] deficiency

A

folic acid

(anticonvulsants interfere with folate metabolsim)

81
Q

white keratin inclusions on the nose

A

millia

82
Q

a benign, self-limiting rash that appears within the first week of life

Small, red macules and papules that progress to pustules with surrounding erythema

A

erythema toxicum

83
Q

normal newborn exam findings of the head [2]

A

moulding
puffy eyes

84
Q

When the infant is lying supine, turning the head to one side elicits extension of the ipsilateral extremities and flexion of the contralateral extremities

(fencing posture).

A

tonic neck reflex

85
Q

Holding the infant upright in a standing position elicits a walking motion, with alternating flexion and extension of the legs

A

step reflex

86
Q

Pressing or placing something into the infant’s palm causes the fingers to flex towards the palm

A

grasp reflex

87
Q

jaundice appearing after first 24 hours of life

resolves without intervention

A

benign neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

88
Q

breastmilk jaundice is caused by increased […] in breastmilk

A

beta glucoronidase

89
Q

breastfeeding jaundice is caused by

A

suboptimal intake

90
Q

what is the result of untreated Rh incompatibility?

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

91
Q

if a mother is HIV+, what treatment should the baby receive after birth?

A

start zidovudine within 6-12 hours

bathe baby immediately, breastfeeding not recommended

test at 24 hours of life and again at regular intervals after discharge

92
Q

most common genetic mutation causing CF

A

F508

93
Q

live attenuated vaccines [3]

A

varicella
rotavirus
MMR

RDS Test 2 (21 decks)

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